Hisarlik, Scientific Excavations at Ancient Troy

Hisarlik, Scientific Excavations at Ancient Troy Hisarlik (once in a while spelled Hissarlik and furthermore known as Ilion, Troy or Ilium Novum) is the advanced name for a tell situated close to the cutting edge city of Tevfikiye in the Dardanelles of northwest Turkey. The tell-a sort of archeological site that is a tall hill concealing a covered city-covers a territory of around 200 meters (650 feet) in measurement and stands 15 m (50 ft) high. To the easygoing visitor, says prehistorian Trevor Bryce (2002), unearthed Hisarlik resembles a wreck, a disarray of broken asphalts, building establishments and superimposed, jumbling pieces of dividers. The chaos known as Hisarlik is generally accepted by researchers to be the old site of Troy, which enlivened the glorious verse of the Greek writer Homers magnum opus, The Iliad. The site was involved for exactly 3,500 years, starting in the Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age period around 3000 BC, however it is unquestionably generally well known as the likely area of Homers eighth century BC accounts of the Late Bronze Age Trojan War, which occurred 500 years sooner. Sequence of Ancient Troy Unearthings by Heinrich Schliemann and others have uncovered maybe upwards of ten separate occupation levels in the 15-m-thick tell, including Early and Middle Bronze Ages (Troy Levels 1-V), a late Bronze Age occupation by and by related with Homers Troy (Levels VI/VII), a Hellenistic Greek occupation (Level VIII) and, at the main, a Roman period occupation (Level IX). Troy IX, Roman, 85 BC-third c ADTroy VIII, Hellenistic Greek, established in the mid-eighth centuryTroy VII 1275-1100 BC, immediately supplanted the crushed city yet itself devastated between 1100-1000Troy VI 1800-1275 BC, Late Bronze Age, the last sublevel (VIh) is thought to speak to Homers TroyTroy V, Middle Bronze Age, ca 2050-1800 BCTroy IV, Early Bronze Age (contracted EBA) IIIc, post-AkkadTroy III, EBA IIIb, ca. 2400-2100 BC, practically identical to Ur IIITroy II, EBA II, 2500-2300, during the Akkadian domain, Priams Treasure, wheel-made stoneware with red-slip potteryTroy I, Late Chalcolithic/EB1, ca 2900-2600 cal BC, hand-made dull polished hand-assembled potteryKumtepe, Late Chalcolithic, ca 3000 cal BCHanaytepe, ca 3300 cal BC, equivalent to Jemdet NasrBesiktepe, tantamount to Uruk IV The soonest form of the city of Troy is called Troy 1, covered underneath 14 m (46 ft) of later stores. That people group incorporated the Aegean megaron, a style of thin, long-room house which imparted sidelong dividers to its neighbors. By Troy II (at any rate), such structures were reconfigured for open use-the principal open structures at Hisarlik-and private residences comprised as a few rooms encompassing inside yards. A significant part of the Late Bronze Age structures, those dated to the hour of Homers Troy and including the whole focal zone of the Troy VI bastion, were wrecked by Classical Greek developers to get ready for the development of the Temple of Athena. The painted reproductions that you see show a theoretical focal royal residence and a level of encompassing structures for which there is no archeological proof. The Lower City Numerous researchers were wary about Hisarlik being Troy since it was so little, and Homers verse appears to recommend a huge business or exchanging focus. In any case, unearthings by Manfred Korfmann found that the little focal ridge area upheld an a lot bigger populace, maybe upwards of 6,000 living in a zone assessed to be around 27 hectares (around one-tenth of a square mile) lying neighboring and loosened up 400 m (1300 ft) from the fortification hill. The Late Bronze Age portions of the lower city, in any case, were wiped out by the Romans, despite the fact that leftovers of a cautious framework including a potential divider, a palisade, and two trench were found by Korfmann. Researchers are not joined in the size of the lower city, and to be sure Korfmanns proof depends on a genuinely little exhuming territory (1-2% of the lower settlement). Priams Treasure is the thing that Schliemann called an assortment of 270 ancient rarities he professed to have found in inside royal residence dividers at Hisarlik. Researchers think all things considered, he discovered some in a stone box (called a cist) among building establishments over the Troy II fortress divider on the western side of the fortification, and those most likely speak to aâ hoardâ or aâ cist grave. A portion of the articles were found somewhere else and Schliemann basically added them to the heap. Forthright Calvert, among others, disclosed to Schliemann that the relics were too old to even consider being from Homers Troy, yet Schliemann disregarded him and distributed a photo of his significant other Sophia wearing the diadem and gems from Priams Treasure. What appears to probably have originated from the cist incorporates a wide scope of gold and silver articles. The gold incorporated a sauceboat, arm bands, hoods (one represented on this page), a diadem, bushel hoops with pendant chains, shell-molded studs and about 9,000 gold dabs, sequins and studs. Six silver ingots were incorporated, and bronze items included vessels, leads, knifes, level tomahawks, etches, a saw, and a few sharp edges. These relics have since been elaborately dated to the Early Bronze Age, in Late Troy II (2600-2480 BC). Priams treasure made an enormous embarrassment when it was found that Schliemann had carried the articles out of Turkey to Athens, violating Turkish law and explicitly against his license to exhume. Schliemann was sued by the Ottoman government, a suit which was settled by Schliemann paying 50,000 French Francs (around 2000 English pounds at that point). The items wound up in Germany during World War II, where they were guaranteed by the Nazis. Toward the finish of World War II, Russian partners evacuated the fortune and took it to Moscow, where it wasâ revealed in 1994. Troy Wilusa There is a touch of energizing yet dubious proof that Troy and its issues with Greece may be referenced in Hittite reports. In Homeric writings, Ilios and Troia were exchangeable names for Troy: in Hittite writings, Wilusiya and Taruisa are close by states; researchers have induced as of late that they were indeed the very same. Hisarlik may have been the illustrious seat of the ruler of Wilusa, who was aâ vassal to the Great King of the Hittites, and who endured fights with his neighbors. The status of the site-that is to state the status of Troy-as a significant territorial capital of western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age has been a reliable flashpoint of warmed discussion among researchers for the majority of its cutting edge history. The Citadel, despite the fact that it is vigorously harmed, can be believed to be extensively littler than other Late Bronze Age territorial capitals such as Gordion, Buyukkale, Beycesultan, and Bogazkoy. Honest Kolb, for instance, has contended reasonably exhaustingly that Troy VI was not even a very remarkable city, substantially less a business or exchange focus and unquestionably not a capital. As a result of Hisarliks association with Homer, the site has maybe unjustifiably been seriously discussed. Be that as it may, the settlement was likely a crucial one for its day, and, in light of Korfmanns contemplates, academic conclusions and the dominance of proof, Hisarlik likely was where occasions happened that framed the premise of Homers Iliad. Paleohistory at Hisarlik Test unearthings were first led at Hisarlik by railroad engineer John Brunton during the 1850s and prehistorian/diplomat Frank Calvertâ in the 1860s. Both came up short on the associations and cash of their vastly improved known associate, Heinrich Schliemann, who unearthed at Hisarlik somewhere in the range of 1870 and 1890. Schliemann intensely depended on Calvert, however famously made light of Calverts job in his compositions. Wilhelm Dorpfeld unearthed for Schliemann at Hisarlik between 1893-1894, and Carl Blegenâ of the University of Cincinnati during the 1930s. During the 1980s, another communitarian group began at the site drove by Manfred Korfmannâ of the University of Tã ¼bingen and C. Brian Roseâ of the University of Cincinnati. Sources Paleologist Berkay Dinã §er has a few excellentâ photographs of Hisarlikâ on his Flickr page. Allen SH. 1995. Finding the Walls of Troy: Frank Calvert, Excavator. American Journal of Archaeologyâ 99(3):379-407. Allen SH. 1998. A Personal Sacrifice in the Interest of Science: Calvert, Schliemann, and the Troy Treasures. The Classical Worldâ 91(5):345-354. Bryce TR. 2002. The Trojan War: Is There Truth behind the Legend? Near Eastern Archaeologyâ 65(3):182-195. Easton DF, Hawkins JD, Sherratt AG, and Sherratt ES. 2002. Troy in late perspective. Anatolian Studiesâ 52:75-109. Kolb F. 2004. Troy VI: A Trading Center and Commercial City? American Journal of Archaeologyâ 108(4):577-614. Hansen O. 1997. KUB XXIII. 13: A Possible Contemporary Bronze Age Source for the Sack of Troy. The Annual of the British School at Athens 92:165-167. Ivanova M. 2013. Domestic design in the Early Bronze Age of western Anatolia: the line places of Troy I. Anatolian Studiesâ 63:17-33. Jablonka P, and Rose CB. 2004. Forum Response: Late Bronze Age Troy: A Response to Frank Kolb. American Journal of Archaeologyâ 108(4):615-630. Maurer K. 2009. Archeology as Spectacle: Heinrich Schliemanns Media of Excavation. German Studies Reviewâ 32(2):303-317. Yakar J. 1979. Troy and Anatolian Early Bronze Age Chronology. Anatolian Studiesâ 29:51-67.

Initiation Story Essay -- essays papers

Commencement Story A&P, composed by John Updike, depends on a second in the life of a clerk. He was known as Sammy and he alluded to his situation in the market as an opening checker. Sammy invested his energy watching and pondering about clients. At some point, while working, three young ladies wearing swimming outfits entered the store and stood out for him. He portrays the three young ladies developments and watches them as they meander all through the store. In the end, the young ladies work their way to Sammy's clerk station to buy the thing which they have chosen. At that point Lengel, the administrator of the store, enters and humiliates the young ladies for their clothing. Therefore, Sammy leaves his place of employment at the A&P. This short story is a case of an inception story through its utilization of portrayal and plot. Sammy, the opening checker, at the A&P developed all through the story. At first, he was just a clerk who was utilizing his venerated image time to scrutinize the clients who came going through. His activity was underneath his psychological abilities thus this was simply the main way he could keep bu...

The Tuskegee Experiment Essays - Syphilis, , Term Papers

The Tuskegee Experiment ?The Tuskegee Experiment? In 1932, in the territory encompassing Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, the United States Public Health Service (PHS) and the Rosenwald Foundation started a review and little treatment program for African-Americans with syphilis. Inside a couple of months, the extending melancholy, the absence of assets from the establishment, and the enormous number of untreated cases provied the administration's reseachers with what appeared to be an extraordinary chance to examine an apparently nearly ?regular? experimentation of lantent syphilis in African-American men. What had started as a ?treatment? program hence was changed over by the PHS reasearchers, under the imprimatur of the Surgeon General and with information and assent of the Prewsident of Tuskegee Institute, the clinical chief of the Institute's John A. Andrew Hospital, and the Macon County general wellbeing authorities, into a persecpective report The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male (Jones1-15). In addition, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which started in 1932 and was ended in 1972 by the dissent of an infuriated open, established the longest nontherapeutic investigate individuals in clinical history. Since the reason on which the test was based didn't include finding a fix or giving treatment, the inquiry at that point remains for what reason did the investigation start and for what reason was it proceeded for four decades? In Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphhilis Experiment, James Jones depicts the destiny of the 600 Black casualties. Eventually, 399 men, who were in the late or tertiary phases of syphilis, partook in the test. What's more, 201 men who were liberated from the illness were in cluded in the investigation. The two gatherings of men were neither come clean about their illness or deficiency in that department, nor were they educated that they were a piece of a clinical report. Clinical work force guaranteed the subjects that they were experiencing ?animosity,? a doublespeak that in the neighborhood speech, reffered to numerous afflictions. None of the men realized that the ?ill will? which flowed through their veins was infectious. None saw how the malady was transmitted; nobody disclosed to them that intrinsic syphilis was given from female to hatchling. It was a test dependent on misdirection, a trademark that it held for the following forty years. Through an authentic examination of the test a few inquiries emerge, especially the issues of the men's support in the investigation and the dark experts who saw the examination. For what reason did these Black men partake in this investigation? For what reason did the Black healtth experts not challenge the examination? The responses to these inquiries are interconnected and lies hostage in a term Jones calls racial medication (Jones 15). Before 1932 data concering the starting point, origination, developement, and the difficulties of untreated syphilis was known to clinical science. The one component left to be thought about this diease was a fix. At this point, researcher were very much aware of the way that syphilis was a profoundly infectious diease brought about by treponema pallidum, an infinitesimal living being looking like a corkscrew. The sickness might be procured, which means went from individual to-individual either during sex or blending of organic liquids, or inborn significance got through birth. The infection advances in three phases: essential, auxiliary, and tertiary. The attributes for the initial two phases display chancre bruises, different mellow rashes, bone and joint agony, just as cardiovascular palpitations. Following the optional stage is a time of dormancy where all side effects related with syphilis vanish, a period that may last from half a month to thirty years. As of now, fancy of well being is broken and the manifestations return to with a harsher power. It is at the tertiary stage that most of the harm is finished. Tumors start to blend on the skin shaping enormous ulcers secured with an outside layer of dried radiated matter. Bones are assaulted by tumors and now and again destroyed totally. The tumors additionally assault the dividers of the heart or veins causing aneurysms, swell like sacs loaded up with blood. On the off chance that the aneurysm burst, passing is momentary. Syphilis can assault the mind in a condition known as paresis, in which the cerebrum relax and creates paralyis and madness. Optic nerves can be assaulted causing visual deficiency or perpetrating deafness (Jones 2-4). The movement of th de

Why Was Stormont Dissolved in 1972?

For what reason was Stormont Dissolved in 1972? Eighty-seven years have passed and segment inside Ireland despite everything remains the island’s characterizing highlight. Since the six area nation of Northern Ireland was shaped under the umbrella association of the United Kingdom in 1921, Northern Ireland has encountered two times of its history that are so extraordinary in their disparities. For the initial fifty or so long stretches of Northern Ireland’s presence the circumstance between the two sides of the network, the Protestants and the Catholics was serene and there was almost no threatening vibe or brutality between them. Northern Ireland was basically represented by quiet conjunction as the administration at Stormont administered without hardly lifting a finger. Be that as it may, towards the late 1960s, the historical backdrop of Northern Ireland changed, as what was to turn into the darkest period in the country’s short history, ‘the Troubles’, resulted between the Protestant and Catholic sides of the network and took steps to pulverize Northern Ireland. In a period that endured around thirty years, Northern Ireland turned into a combat area, portrayed by bombings, shootings and partisan viciousness as the two networks battled to guard their convictions and shield each other from the alleged ‘other side’. Anyway it is the initial three years of ‘the Troubles’, from 1969-1972 and the disintegration off Stormont that will be the focal point of this paper. The disintegration off Stormont in 1972 finished fifty years of Home Rule in the region and prompted more than two many years of Direct Rule from Westminster. Be that as it may, for what reason was Stormont disintegrated in 1972? In this paper I will respond to this inquiry however it is essential to take note of that there is no single motivation behind why. The disintegration off Stormont was a multi-causal occasion achieved, by what I see, as five key causes; the disappointments of the Unionist Government to change and control security; the development of the Provisional IRA (PIRA) and its acceleration of viciousness; Internment and the ensuing PIRA backfire; the arrangement of the UDA and its efficient killing project lastly Bloody Sunday and its fallout. The disappointments of the unionist government’s to give adequate change, fulfilling to the two sides and their inability to control the security circumstance inside Northern Ireland from 1969-1972 was a significant factor in the possible disintegration of Stormont in 1972. During the last piece of Terence O’Neill’s prevalence the disappointment of unionism was on the cards, that being said, as his endeavored ‘five oint programme’ of changes was welcomed with distrust by the two unionists and patriots â€Å"and the Paisleyites were terminated by what was viewed as an admission to activist pressure†¦while others-as occasions illustrated saw just a blend of shortcoming and begrudgery. [1] In February 1969, O’Neill’s inability to make sure about an undeniable command indicated that the breakdown of unionism was starting to create in light of the fact that as he proposed, â€Å"old biases were unreasonably solid for individuals to br eak out of the form of partisan legislative issues once and for all,†[2] His replacement James Chichester-Clark acquired what was a troublesome circumstance, that turned out to be more regrettable during the walking period of 1969. The disappointment of the unionist government to effectively control security and the staggering mobs, which spread to Belfast following the yearly Apprentice Boy’s exhibit in Derry in August, indicated exactly how unable they were of ensuring the individuals of Northern Ireland and constrained Chichester-Clark to demand the help of the British armed force. This was an embarrassment, and it underlined the disappointment of the Stormont organization to manage either the political or the policing difficulties of the well known uprising that was happening: the choice added a military measurement to the total money related reliance of the system on London, and along these lines made ready for direct principle. [3]The armed force was a last frantic measure and despite the fact that invited by Catholics toward the start, the GOC Lieutenant-general Sir Ian Freeland cautioned that â€Å"the Honeymoon period among troops and nearby individuals is probably going to be short lived†. [4] Indeed it was as Catholics lost confidence in the army’s capacity to ensure them, due to â€Å"the inability to boycott the 1970 Orange processions, and the gigantic arms search and check in time of the Lower Falls Road† and coordinated their help towards the undeniably increasingly activist PIRA. 5] By getting the British armed force, the Unionist Government stirred â€Å"great dread and passion†¦and numerous Catholics accepted that the Unionists had neither the will nor the ability to roll out the improvements the British Government proposed†, along these lines distancing the Nationalist people group and offered fuel to the PIRA’s rise as a result of its powerlessness to acquire changes that would have a constructive effect on them. 6] Together with a powerlessness of the unionist gathering to lead itself, as a â€Å"vote of no certainty by the Unionist Party official in the Government’s peace policies† represented in 1970, the se elements demonstrated the frail and useless nature of the unionist Government. Further more, close by later factors which will be talked about later in the exposition, for example, Internment, these unionist disappointments assisted with making ready for Stormont to be broken up in 1972. The arrangement of PIRA in 1970 end up being a significant ruin of Stormont. The patriot network left distanced and feeling dangerous under the Stormont organization progressively turned their help to Sean MacStiofain and the PIRA and its military approaches permitting it to pick up energy in its points, â€Å"to give all conceivable help to’ or people’ in the North, left vulnerable against the brutality of ‘sectarian bigots† and free the Irish individuals from British principle. [7] The system of PIRA was in three stages, intended to inevitably achieve the possible topple of British principle in Northern Ireland. Stage one was of a simply guarded nature, keeping away from encounter with the military and â€Å"providing material, money related and preparing help for Northern PIRA units. †[8] â€Å"As soon as it got possible and down to earth, the Provisional IRA would move from an absolutely guarded situation to a period of ‘combined resistance and reprisal. †[9] The last stage, in this manner, was â€Å"launching a hard and fast hostile activity against the ‘British occupation system’. †[10] The PIRA came vigorously after Orange Order marches in June 1970, which Catholics saw as a â€Å"demonstration of Protestant power†. 11] The mobs which followed saw the executing of five Protestants by the PIRA. Tragically for the individuals of Northern Ireland, the Falls Road check in time forced by the Chichester-Clark government following this PIRA inclusion just served to expand the paramilitary movement’s bolster base and lose support for the Bri tish armed force and it prompted the heightening of viciousness inside the region. The PIRA’s â€Å"campaign was ventured up from the shelling of monetary focuses to assaults on British armed force personnel† and on February sixth 1971 the main individual from the standard British armed force was executed. 12] The viciousness just raised further during 1971, as the Stormont organization battled to adapt to the uncommon savagery of the PIRA’s brutality. â€Å"By July 55 individuals had kicked the bucket viciously; In the initial seven months of 1971 there were more than 300 blasts and 320 shooting incidents†, which piled a gigantic measure of weight upon Stormont, that it at last couldn't adapt to and as we will see later in the paper this drove mind Faulkner to embrace what got one of the characterizing nails in the final resting place of Stormont, the presentation of ’Internment’. 13] The viewpoint that strikes you the most about Internment is the scale on which it was a disappointment, also exactly how predisposition it was. It was a significant screw up by the Unionist Government under Brian Faulkner â€Å"because it neglected to realize the seizure of the main individuals from the Provisional IRA† just on the grounds that it came up short on the important and applicable insight that was required. â€Å"Internment was completely uneven. No endeavor was made to capture supporter associates regardless of the UVF’s record with violence†¦There was not a solitary individual on the army’s rundown of 452 names who was not an enemy of partionist. [14] The aftereffect of Internment â€Å"was enormous estrangement among the minority, and mounting energy for the PIRA. It exacerbated the degrees of political viciousness inside the area as â€Å"from 1 January to 8 August 1971, thirty-four individuals had been killed†¦but from the presentation of Internment until the finish of the year139 indivi duals kicked the bucket because of political brutality. †[15] Internment likewise supported the SDLP’s blacklist of Stormont, and in this way wrecked Faulkner’s extremely conditional move towards power-sharing. 16] It was an overall debacle for unionism. It depicted unionism as being partisan and predisposition and brought the breakdown of Stormont into its home straight as PIRA lashed out against it with a savage hostile. â€Å"During August 1971 there were 131 bomb assaults, 196 in September and 117 in October. It appeared that the PIRA was making a deliberate endeavor to devastate Northern Ireland’s economy, with the transient point of drawing the security powers from Catholic enclaves and the drawn out target of driving Britain to desert the area. [17] It was by all accounts filling in as the economy was just ascending by one percent in 1971 and British conclusion was that it was eager to discard Northern Ireland. The PIRA were it appeared to be effec tively realizing the British withdrawal from the locale. The protestant response to this huge hostile being completed by the PIRA was to battle fi

Do You Think Mankind Is Born Evil or Good?

Do you accept that humanity is brought into the world great or insidiousness? I accept that humanity are destined to be acceptable, yet to be instructed acceptable or detestable as they grow up. It relies upon how their life was or how their folks instructed and treated them. There is no, for example, thing being brought into the world malevolence just being brought into the world blameless. At the point when individuals are naturally introduced to this world, they are brought into the world honest and new. Guiltlessness, to me can be viewed as acceptable. They are babies, knowing nothing, not by any means underhanded . At that point they develop and learn and start to consider behavior.The things they are educated as they are youthful, and the individuals they know do a lot to shape their characters and mindfulness. Individuals become mindful of what is positive or negative incompletely through understanding and errors in beginning times of youth advancement, somewhat through what t hey are instructed, and mostly through their own inner voice letting them know. On the off chance that you recall the primary discipline you had, do recollect why it occurred? Do you figure what you did was malevolent? Fiendish has to do with the heart and psyche decisions we make in thought and in deed.I accept that we are totally brought into the world blameless, yet are capable of yielding to malicious, particularly in feeble minutes. The individuals who keep battling against that malicious, regardless of how hard it might be or how frequently we may come up short, are as yet staying the course. As I have communicated through my paper, humanity isn't brought into the world shrewdness, however they are brought into the world blameless. Not knowing a thing, decent or fiendish. Abhorrent develops in you as you grow up and commit errors in your adolescence. Attempting to battle the awful and endeavoring to be acceptable is blameless. Generally terrible or underhanded decisions are ma de by your soul. So Mankind isn't brought into the world abhorrence, yet great.

Variations of Prose Style in Toni Morrisons Beloved - Literature Essay Samples

That Toni Morrisons Beloved is stylistically diverse cannot be doubted: Morrisons novel appears straightforward at first glance, opening with blank verse in a standard prose narration, but over the course of the story the style varies to contain differing levels of imagery and metaphor, as well as changes in tense, changes in register, free indirect discourse, stream-of-consciousness narration, shifting levels of language in terms of description and dialogue, and a combination of personification and repetition to solidify the characterization of an inanimate object.When the novel opens, before Paul D makes his entrance, we are introduced to five characters: Sethe, her living daughter Denver, the ghost of her deceased daughter Beloved, her deceased mother-in-law Baby Suggs, and the house they live in, 124. Morrison uses personification to give the house its own identity: 124 was spiteful. Full of a babys venom, as if the house itself could feel spite. Morrisons use of repetition bu ilds upon this personification of the house to strengthen the character of 124 as well as to provide a framework structure for the three parts of the novel as a whole. 124 was loud, we are told at the beginning of part two, and 124 was quiet at the beginning of part three so there is a gradual taming of the house to run parallel to a solidification, in flesh, of the spirit of Beloved herself, from something spiteful being toned down to something quiet. Repetition, furthermore, is used throughout the novel to strengthen and categorize the essence of these characters: Baby Suggs is consistently referred to as holy while Paul D is the last of the Sweet Home men, and Sweet Home itself is embodied with almost as much character as 124, but, unlike 124, it is not personified; where Sweet Home was a place where things happened, 124 is a place that makes things happen: 124 controls the qualities it possesses spite, volume it throws people out of its doors, it affects strangers who enter it, and it warns any unfamiliar person who comes near to turn away.The characterization of the humans in the story is somewhat more straightforward, achieved through dialogue and the level of language used by each character, as well as the level of language used to describe each character, and by way of free indirect discourse and other techniques such as change in register and stream-of-consciousness narration. Baby Suggs, for instance, being deceased before the story even begins, is characterized in flashback almost entirely through a combination of her dialogue and through the way other characters remember her. She speaks in short, clipped sentences that often double-back and repeat: In this place, we flesh; flesh that weeps, laughs; flesh that dances on bare feet in grass. Love it. Love it hard. Yonder they do not love your flesh. They despise it. They dont love your eyes; theyd just as soon pick em out. No more do they love the skin on your back. Yonder do they flay i t. Later, in a flashback sequence in which Baby Suggs seeks employment, she says: Where is this here slaughterhouse? and when asked what kinds of shoes she can repair she says, New, old, anything. Her short sentences reveal a confident character, self-assured and able to handle herself, who, when in the company of others, becomes almost prophet-like in light of the wisdom she dispenses with such certainty and conviction that those characters around her and, by extension, we ourselves cannot help but agree with her when she continues: Love your hands! Love them. Raise them up and kiss them. You got to love it, you! Stylistically, Morrison opts not to develop Baby Suggs character through blank prose, with a third-person narrator noting that Baby Suggs is wise, or respected, or impassioned, or even holy. Instead, she uses dialogue to convey these character traits demonstrating rather than spelling them out and, in addition, the level of language used by Baby Suggs also plays a role in this development. We can tell that although she is wise, the style of her dialogue and the words she uses are not those of a well-educated woman.Imagery and metaphor also play strong roles in the novel, most often reflecting the attitudes or feelings of the characters. Consider the scene in which Denvers tooth comes out. Beloved asks her why she doesnt cry. Ultimately, Denver does cry but, we understand, she is not crying for the lost tooth; instead she is crying for the presence of Paul D in her house and the change in character on the part of her mother, and the relationship that has been spawned between the two of them. And as Denver cries, the couple upstairs, united, didnt hear a sound, but below them, outside, all around 124 the snow went on and on and on. Piling itself, burying itself. Higher. Deeper. The imagery of snow represents the onset of winter, of cold and isolation, and it reflects the tears of Denver, as well as the tears that 124 would shed, too , if it were a living entity. Consider also the variation in the length of sentences, with the first sentence comprised of a half-dozen clauses, and the last two sentences comprised of only fragments, in order to reflect the drawn-out weeping and the sharp sudden intakes of breath that occur in the act of crying, so as to represent, stylistically and through use of rhythm and sentence trajectory, the anguish of Denver, in words. Likewise, Sethes anguish for her lost grandmother and for the deceased Baby Suggs is represented by use of liquid imagery: [Sethes] mother and Nan were together from the sea. A mighty wish for Baby Suggs broke over her like surf. In the quiet following its splash, Sethe looked at the two girls sitting by the stove: her sickly, shallow-minded boarder, her irritable, lonely daughter. They seemed little and far away as if they were on an island and Sethe was drifting away from them, with the water imagery standing in place of the tears she cannot shed and the ocean between her present life and her past. So, when she finally tells the girls that Paul D [will] be here in a minute, we know, from the imagery conveyed to us once again by free indirect discourse, that she is not really speaking to them about Paul D, but rather, she is speaking to herself in such a way as to put her mind off the subject of her thoughts and to focus on the here-and-now, to avoid the anguish that the past brings with it.All of these techniques free indirect discourse, variations in the length of sentences, use of a lower level of language, and repetition combine in the scene where Paul D changes his mind about Sethe, after he has been visited by Stamp Paid. The prickly, mean-eyed Sweet Home girl he knew as Halles girl was obedient (like Halle), shy (like Halle), and work-crazy (like Halle). Free indirect discourse allows us to see the kind of person Sethe once was. In this way she is characterized by the use of blank prose that Morrison neglected to use in the characterization of Baby Suggs, but this free indirect discourse also characterizes Paul D himself. This here Sethe was new the level of language is again low. Yet the subject of it the ability to distinguish between this here new Sethe and the Sethe he remembers implies wisdom and insight. The language used in this passage is not of the highest order, but the tone of the passage which reflects on Sethes capacity for love and her affection for her children reveals two characters, Sethe and Paul D alike, who are able to overcome the shortcomings of their language by using the reasonable sensibilities of their minds.One of the most drastic stylistic techniques Morrison uses originates subtly, with a change in tense, then progresses more drastically to a change in register, and culminates in a complete stylistic overhaul in which blank prose is replaced with four stream-of-consciousness passages, with Sethe and Denver narrating one each, while Beloved narrates the remaini ng two. As with the free indirect discourse passage in which we peer into Paul Ds mind, as above, these stream-of-consciousness passages serve to characterize each of the women speaking them, as well as each womans relationship with the other characters in the novel, in such a way as to be unaffected by a third-person narrator who may favor one character over another. The tone of these passages, therefore, is brutally honest: not always flattering, not always straightforward, and sometimes what is really meant is not always what is thought by the characters who are speaking but, knowing what we do about who they are, where they come from and what they want, the contradictions and self-delusions in their thoughts allow us to see the real truth behind their words.The change in tense comes after Denver sees the white dress kneeling with her mother. Once again, Morrison uses free indirect discourse, this time to establish the following scene by allowing us to glimpse Denvers concern for Beloved without explicitly showing us: [Denver] was certain that Beloved was the white dress that had knelt with her mother in the keeping room, the true-to-life presence of the baby that had kept her company most of her life. And to be looked at by her, however briefly, kept her grateful for the rest of the time when she was merely the looker. Then, with Denvers concerns established, the tense changes from past to present: This day they are outside. Its cold and the snow is hard as packed dirt. Beloved is holding her arms steady while Denver unclasps frozen underwear and towels from the line. The events that are written of in present tense contrast with the past-tense events that have taken place up to this point, and they are given a greater sense of immediacy as a result. This is particularly effective given the subject of these present tense scenes: that is, Denvers worry that Beloved will cross over back to the other side: Dont, she is saying between tough swallows. Dont. Dont go back.' The switch to present tense takes Denvers despair to its emotional extremities: This is worse than when Paul D came to 124 and she cried helplessly into the stove. This is worse. Then it was for herself. Now she is crying because she has no self as opposed to a past tense variation on that despair, which would imply that it has already been overcome. In this passage, too, free indirect discourse is once again very much at the heart of its effectiveness. But the negative emotional extremity of the passage is inverted by the end despair becomes joy and [Beloved] is smiling again and by maintaining the present tense, that smile is more immediate and more resonant than one in the past.Later, this same sense of immediacy comes by way of an abrupt change in register, in which the narrative switches from a somewhat subjective third-person point-of-view that tells us [Sethe] neednt have worried [about losing time] to Sethes own mind, busy with the things she c ould forget. Sethes thoughts are presented not quite via free indirect discourse (for it is clearly not a third-person narrator relaying them to us as if we were in Sethes shoes) yet also not quite via stream-of-consciousness prose (for although they reflect Sethes thoughts, they do not reflect her thought processes): Thank God I dont have to rememory or say a thing because you know it. All. You know I never would a left you. Never. It was all I could think of to do. As with the previous passage, this passage also finds its power in the present tense Now all I see is their backs walking down the railroad tracks. Away from me as well as in the unbridled machinations of Sethes mind; she does not keep any secrets at bay, for these are her own thoughts and she cannot keep secrets from herself. The change in register allows for a greater sense of honest communication between the narrator in this instance, Sethe and the reader, for we know that when Sethe recalls these events she is not filtering them in any way so as to protect Denver from the truth, but is instead recalling them as best she knows how; therefore we witness not only the events as she recalls them, but also their effect on her in a psychological sense rather than simply a behavioral one.This progression from a simple change in tense to a semi-stream-of-consciousness insight into Sethes thoughts reaches a peak in the aforementioned stream-of-consciousness passages narrated by Sethe, Denver, and Beloved. These, in turn, allow for a comparison and contrast between the three women to allow us a greater insight into how Beloveds return has affected each of them in its own particular way. The stream-of-consciousness narrations open windows into the minds of the various characters so we may see the things they would never say aloud as well as the things they cannot say aloud. Consider Sethes narration in which she says: Beloved, she my daughter. She mine. See. She come back to me of her ow n free will and I dont have to explain a thing. The tone of this claim is forceful, yet somewhat hedonistic, and it reveals Sethes conscious thoughts with regard to Beloved that she is her daughter, that she owns her as well as her subconscious thoughts that Sethe herself does not say aloud that she still does not know why Beloved came back to her, and that she hungers for an explanation, even though she says otherwise. Denvers narration, on the other hand, is less self-deluding and more on-the-nose: I love my mother but I know she killed one of her own daughters, and tender as she is with me, Im scared of her because of it. Her thoughts reflect the clear-cut, straightforward thoughts of a youth, and, as with the stream-of-consciousness passages narrated by Sethe and by Beloved, they strengthen Denvers character as well as her relationship to the other two women without tainting it by having any other character intrude upon her thoughts. The stream-of-consciousness passages, in general, allow for a clear and pure insight into the characters and their relationships.The style of the novel, if it is varied and in some instances inconsistent, is only as varied and inconsistent as the characters themselves and the relationships they share. Theirs is a complicated world and we are plunged head-first into a story whose roots lie buried deep in the past and whose effects provoke a different response from each character; therefore, Morrisons use of repetition and change in tense are necessary to explore the roots of that story, while her use of shifting levels of language and personification establish her characters, and thereafter her use of imagery and metaphor physically reflect the effects the events of the story have on her characters, and her use of change in register and free indirect discourse and stream-of-consciousness narration reflect the innermost thoughts of those characters in a more direct way, unguarded and untouched by anything artificial tha t an external narrator would necessarily bring to the table. Morrisons use of such a wide array of stylistic techniques is comparable in scope to the scope of her narrative and its players, and as such it has the effect of not only constantly developing those characters throughout the novel, but also of intrinsically weaving their thoughts and their essences, their personalities and their strengths and weaknesses, into the very fabric of this narrative.

Nature Imagery in Out Stealing Horses - Literature Essay Samples

After stabbing Captain Hook in an epic sword battle, Peter Pan cheerfully exclaims, â€Å"I’m youth, I’m joy, I’m a little bird that has broken out of the egg!† This proclamation shows the relationship between adolescence, happiness, and nature. In many ways, Per Petterson’s Out Stealing Horses shows the same connections. Trond resembles James Barrie’s Peter Pan; both remain youthful, undertake many adventures, and are able to either literally or symbolically fly. However, while Peter Pan relies on his pixie dust for these powers, Trond uses his connection with nature, reliving his childhood memories to keep this bond with the natural world alive and fresh. Petterson uses natural imagery to establish the complete harmony and subsequent synonymous identity that exists between nature and Trond. Trond’s profound awareness of nature and the heightened perception that this awareness brings urge the reader to be more consciously mindful of t he precious, quieter moments linked to the landscape that we may ignore in our daily interactions with our environment. Tronds connection with nature, which begins in his childhood, is shown through images that reflect his harmonious relationship to the environment. On his last adventure with his father, Trond navigates the forests and rides on horseback. His father notices that Trond is uncomfortable in the saddle and instructs him to â€Å"let [his] hips go loose†¦ be a part of the horse† (207). He is suggesting that Trond become one with nature instead of fighting against it. Trond then says that â€Å"[his] body was put together in such a way that it was good for riding† (207). As soon as Trond allows himself to relax into the horse’s rhythm, he is able to become part of the natural world, something he is able to do with ease. After Trond and his father arrive at the log jam, Trond recognizes that he must tie a rope to one of the logs in order to break the dam. As Trond reaches the dam and begins to â€Å"jump from log to log† (216), he exclaims, â€Å"I’m flying!† (217). Though Trond isn’t actually flying, this statement has deeper meaning. He feels light and free, like a bird, not only able to appreciate nature, but also understand that he has become a part of nature itself. Later, as Trond takes the train with his mother to retrieve money from the bank, he makes many intimate observations about the Glomma River. He remarks that â€Å"[he] was friends with the water† (227). By calling the river a friend, Trond underscores his connection with the landscape. Trond also says, â€Å"the [Glomma River] was still within me† (227). He has moved past simple appreciation into integration with what he observes. The river provides a source of security for Trond. After waking up to find his father missing, Trond stands on the edge of a river, and says that, â€Å"[he] could immerse [himself] in water†¦ and be the anchor [of the world]† (101). Not only are nature and Trond intertwined, but nature is importa nt to Trond because it provides him with strength and stability. This imagery shows a symbiotic relationship between Trond and the earth, allowing him to form vivid, sensory memories he can immerse himself in even in his old age. As a result of this harmonious connection, a heightened awareness awakens in Trond, allowing him to savor the precious moments that his consciousness grants him. While walking through the forest with Jon to go steal Barkald’s horses, Trond notices â€Å"the sweet, sharp, all pervading odor of something greater than ourselves†¦ the forest† (22). Trond’s awe and reverence for nature arises from the simple smell of the woods, which to him, is much more than just a sensory happening. It is a connection to something larger than himself. Trond makes this more explicit when he states that the forest was â€Å"beyond all comprehension† (22), and that it was so large that â€Å"you could get lost†¦ and a hundred people [couldn’t] find you† (22). Trond may only be walking down a path in the woods, but it is a path whose meaning is magnified by his synergistic link to nature. Trond then asks, â€Å"why should [getting lost in the forest] be s o bad?† (22). Disappearing in the woods is not terrible, because for Trond, the trees, like the river, are a place of comfort. Trond later notices a distinct, â€Å"scent of new-felled timber† (74) after a morning of cutting trees. This odor â€Å"penetrated everything everywhere† (74) and â€Å"[he] smelled of resin, [his] clothes smelled, and [his] hair smelled, and [his] skin smelled† (74). Trond realizes the unity between him and the natural world and says, â€Å"I was forest† (74). What might be a simple sensory event for some people becomes a pantheistic experience for Trond. Though this imagery does not directly reference God, Trond has a moment of transcendent revelation. While the forest is large and grand, smaller aspects of nature also offer Trond the chance to reach this higher plane of consciousness. As he rides Barkald’s horse with Jon, Trond screams â€Å"Yahoo!† (24) out of joy. He then has a moment of intense awareness when he feels like he is in, â€Å"a different place, from the great space where birds sing† (24). Not only does Trond notice the birds singing, he exists with them outside the sphere of ordinary life. After listening to the birds, Trond becomes â€Å"completely happy† (24). The horse’s back â€Å"drummed through [his] body like a heartbeat†, and he falls into a silence where he moves beyond the quotidian. In this place of enlightened recognition, the beautiful sounds of the birds are distinct from other sounds, and â€Å"each time [he] breathed, there were notes coming, out† (25). Once again, a simple experience sends Trond soaring above the mundane. He becomes a bird, just as h e is the river and the forest, a transformation that reflects his ability to draw joy from what others may overlook. After stealing Barkald’s horses, Trond and Jon climb a spruce tree and find a goldcrest nest. Trond has an epiphany when looking at the goldcrest eggs, and whispers, â€Å"It’s weird that something so little come can come alive and just fly away† (29). Words cannot describe the â€Å"rushing, airy feeling [he] felt† (29). Trond recognizes the beauty and possibility in even a tiny and delicate bird egg. When Jon destroys the bird egg, Trond is broken. On an emotional level, Trond felt â€Å"desperate† (30). Because Trond is so intertwined with nature and has such reverence for its potential, this small gesture affects him physically. He has trouble breathing and feels like he has â€Å"asthma† (31). Trond’s responsiveness to the natural world gives him a sense of wonder and an ability to ascend, but can also cause his de scension into despair. Through the use of natural imagery around the birds and bird egg, Petterson establishes how Trond appreciates and remembers the small details of his childhood. Through Trond, Petterson urges the reader to hone his or her consciousness in order to fully experience the sacred moments we may otherwise ignore. Petterson captures Trond’s high regard for and relation to the wilderness through natural imagery that assimilates Trond with nature. Petterson suggests that like Trond, the reader become like Peter Pan always youthful, always happy, and always rooted in the natural world.

Essay Case Study of Lincoln Electric Company - 875 Words

Integrative Case: The Lincoln Electric Company Tony Slattery Everest University Abstract â€Å"We are a global manufacturer and the market leader of the highest quality welding, cutting and joining products. Our enduring passion for the development and application of our technologies allows us to create complete solutions that make our customers more productive and successful. We will distinguish ourselves through an unwavering commitment to our employees and a relentless drive to maximize shareholder value† (http://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/company/Pages/vision-statement.aspx). This is the vision of James Lincoln, founder of Lincoln Electric Company. I will look at this vision and apply it towards the†¦show more content†¦572). Finally, the last stakeholders in the Lincoln Electric Company are the stockholders. James Lincoln regulated them to secondary status. However, the stockholders of Lincoln Electric have done well over the years. Integration and Application. P. 67 a. Describe the relevance of the environmental forces for Lincoln Electric’s approach to managing human resources. Economic globalization. Nobody cannot stop globalization. Lincoln Electric realized this concept. They used the same philosophy here as they do on foreign land. Lincoln Electric found out how customs and laws affected them as far as business. The worldwide business environment remains to be a main developmental prospect for Lincoln Electric as far as global manufacture and trades from the United States (Jackson et al., 2011). The country culture of the United States. Lincoln Electric has been on top in relating to the country’s culture of the United States. James Lincoln realized that treating people fair and realized their needs will sustain the company for the long haul. For an example, in 2008 when the United States was in recession, many major corporations laid of its employees. The feeling of discontent was high in the United States. However, Lincoln Electric did not lay off one person. Instead, the company lower their hours until the recession is over. Not only this method saved the employees’ jobs and it also sustain their morals and spirits. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Lincoln Electric Company Case Study Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesThere are plenty of reasons why Lincoln Electric Company (LEC) is successful, and a big one that people usually credit the success to is the way it’s managed. While reading the Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin, we learned a lot about the echo of the founder’s philosophies still very present in the company, we looked at the highly rewarding merit pay plan, and we learned about LEC’s authoritarian management style. 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French Noun Endings Can Be a Telltale Sign of Gender

French gender  is a headache for many students of French. Why is manteau masculine and montre feminine? Why is  tà ©moin  always masculine and  victime  always feminine? As vexing as this subject is for nonnative speakers, we simply have to accept that French gender is here to stay. In fact, consider yourself lucky that youre studying French; in German and Latin, for instance, youd have to learn three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), and in still other languages, it gets even more complicated. It might help to know that grammatical  gender (what were discussing here) has nothing to do with natural gender, which is actual, physical gender of living beings. Linguist Andrew Livingston tells us grammatical gender is a way of classing nouns thats older than recorded history. Its deeply embedded in the DNA of an array of Indo-European languages that trace their lineage to a common ancestor, which probably needed to differentiate between the animate and the inanimate. In French, theres simply no way to know the gender of every single noun other than by memorizing the gender of each. There are, however, certain patterns in suffixes and word endings that are a tip-off. As you can see by the number of exceptions here, these gender patterns are not foolproof indicators, but they can help. Before we begin, a couple of notes: We try to list the most common and, thus, most useful exceptions; we avoid obscure exceptions. Also, to avoid confusion, we do not list  dual-gender nouns.   French Masculine Nouns Here are some suffixes that usually indicate masculine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. -ageExceptions: la cage, une image, la nage, la page, la plage, la rage -b -bleExceptions: une cible, une à ©table, une fable, une table -cException: la fac (apocope of la facultà ©) -cleException: une boucle -d -deExceptions: la bride, la merde, la mà ©thode, la pinà ¨de; -ade, -nde, -ude endings -à ©Exceptions: la clà ©, la psychà ©; sà ©, tà ©, and tià © endings -eauExceptions: leau, la peau -à ¨geException: la Norvà ¨ge -et -eurNote:  This applies mainly to names of professions and mechanical or scientific things; also see -eur in the list of feminine endings. -fExceptions: la soif, la clef, la nef -iExceptions: la foi, la fourmi, la loi, la paroi -ing -isme -k -lException: une roseval -mException: la faim -meExceptions: une alarme, une à ¢me, une arme, la cime, la coutume, la crà ¨me, là ©cume, une à ©nigme, une estime, une ferme, une firme, une forme, une larme, une plume, une rame, une rime, -mme ending -mentException: une jument -nExceptions: la faà §on, la fin, la leà §on, la main, la maman, la ranà §on; -son and -ion endings -oExceptions: la dactylo, la dynamo, la libido, la mà ©tà ©o, la moto, la steno (most of these are apocopes of longer feminine words) -oir -one -ou -p -rExceptions: la chair, la cour, la cuiller, la mer, la tour (see feminine -eur) -sExceptions: la brebis, la fois, une oasis, la souris, la vis -steExceptions: la liste, la modiste, la piste; names for people like un(e) artiste, un(e) nudiste, etc. -tExceptions: la burlat, la dent, la dot, la forà ªt, la jument, la mort, la nuit, la part, la plupart, la ziggourat -treExceptions: la fenà ªtre, une huà ®tre, la lettre, la montre, la rencontre, la vitre -uExceptions: leau, la peau, la tribu, la vertu -xExceptions: la croix, la noix, la paix, la toux, la voix Feminine Noun Endings Here are some suffixes that usually indicate feminine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. Remember, we list here the most common endings, because these will be the most useful for you to know. -aceExceptions: un ace, un palace -adeExceptions: le grade, le jade, le stade -aleExceptions: un chà ¢le, un pà ©tale, un scandale -ance -beExceptions: un cube, un globe, un microbe, un tube, un verbe -ceExceptions: un artifice, un armistice, un appendice, le bà ©nà ©fice, le caprice, le commerce, le dentifrice, le divorce, un exercice, un office, un orifice, un prà ©cipice, un prince, un sacrifice, un service, le silence, le solstice, le supplice, un vice -cà ©Exception: un crustacà © -eNote:  Most countries and names that end in e are feminine. -eeException: un pedigree -à ©eExceptions: un apogà ©e, un lycà ©e, un musà ©e, un pà ©rigà ©e, un trophà ©e -esse -eurNote: This applies mainly to abstract qualities and emotions, except le bonheur, lextà ©rieur, lhonneur, lintà ©rieur, le malheur, le meilleur. Also see -eur  on the list of masculine endings. -feException: le golfe -ieExceptions: un incendie, le foie, le gà ©nie, le parapluie, le sosie -ià ¨reExceptions: larrià ¨re, le cimetià ¨re, le derrià ¨re -ineExceptions: le capitaine, le domaine, le moine, le magazine, le patrimoine -ionExceptions: un avion, un bastion, un billion, un camion, un cation, un dominion, un espion, un ion, un lampion, un lion, un million, le morpion, un pion, un scion, un scorpion, un trillion -iqueExceptions: un graphique, un pà ©riphà ©rique -ireExceptions: un auditoire, un commentaire, un dictionnaire, un directoire, un horaire, un itinà ©raire, livoire, un laboratoire, un navire, un pourboire, le purgatoire, le rà ©pertoire, le salaire, le sommaire, le sourire, le territoire, le vocabulaire -ise -iteExceptions: lanthracite, un ermite, le granite, le graphite, le mà ©rite, lopposite, le plà ©biscite, un rite, un satellite, un site, un termite -lleExceptions: le braille, un gorille, un intervalle, un mille, un portefeuille, le vaudeville, le vermicelle, le violoncelle -mmeExceptions: un dilemme, un gramme, un programme -ndeException: le monde -nne -oleExceptions: le contrà ´le, le monopole, le rà ´le, le symbole -rreExceptions: le beurre, le parterre, le tonnerre, le verre -seExceptions: un carosse, un colosse, le gypse, linverse, un malaise, un pamplemousse, un parebrise, le suspense -sà ©Exceptions: un exposà ©, un opposà © -sion -sonExceptions: un blason, un blouson -tà ©Exceptions: un arrà ªtà ©, le comità ©, le comtà ©, le cà ´tà ©, un dà ©putà ©, un à ©tà ©, le pà ¢tà ©, le traità © -tià © -tionException: le bastion -udeExceptions: le coude, un interlude, le prà ©lude -ueException: un abaque -uleExceptions: le prà ©ambule, le scrupule, le tentacule, le testicule, le và ©hicule, le ventricule, le vestibule ï » ¿-ureExceptions: le centaure, le cyanure, le dinosaure, le murmure

The Driving Force in Entertainment is the Motion Picture

ANALYSIS OF MOTION PICTURE REVIEW AND SYNTHESIZE The motion picture is the main driving force of the entertainment market, one of the biggest export markets, the United States. Movie industry is divided into three stages: studio production, distribution, and exhibition. Movie studios, is the lifeblood of the industry. No matter the size of the studio, it is a product of integration and release. The next stage is the distribution. The distribution is an intermediary between studios and exhibitors. Configuration of distribution needs to complete all the steps of membrane, including marketing, logistics technology and management. The manufacture and exhibitors are coordinated by distributors. Finally, theater owners, control single screen cinemas in the local community the reuse of national chain. Exhibitors are not completely independent dealers vertical integration, and the pursuit of their own profit maximization strategy. The three main source of enterprises income: concessions, advertising, at the box office. The exhibitors seek profit maximization sales tickets and discount. In general, revenues and profits limited control. Attendance can be profitable sales and advertising to make concessions, but there are significant coupon limit per capita sales, sales price seems to have reached a maximum value. Advertising revenue and profits is still attractive avenue, but the audience hate. Cinema provides viewers with a lot of experience, but the cinema, big screen, a longShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Dream1113 Words   |  5 Pagesdecided to combine forces. They created Paramount pictures and had one of the most familiar slogans in the film industry, â€Å"If it’s a Paramount Picture it’s the Best Show in Town†. Proving their slogan true they started turning out more than two pictures per week. During it’s peak in the silent film making era, Paramount was making 5 million dollars a year more than other production companies such as Warner, Fox, and Universal.(Paramount) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Paramount Pictures has come a longRead MoreWalt Disney : An American Motion Picture1226 Words   |  5 PagesWalter Elias Disney, also known as Walt Disney, was an American motion-picture and television producer, famous as the creator of cartoon films and Disneyland. His relentless aspiration and determination drove Walt Disney to pour in each ounce of innovativeness into his work. In my opinion, Walt Disney was important because of his creation of Disneyland in order to have an educational as well as amusement value and to entertain adults and their children and his influence on American culture throughRead MoreCase of Movie Industry1106 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitive forces have challenged the movie industry? What problems have these forces created? 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This gaveRead MoreThe Automobiles And Law Of Motion1513 Words   |  7 Pagesdevices within our modern life. Whether you are taking a bus, carpooling, or driving your own car, we can all share this common action that among us. And for this reason, that I decided to do my research paper on the automobiles and law of motion. Most of us that drive or have been in a moving vehicle doesn’t know much of the physic behind it. Like when you press the gas pedal why does the car go forward, or what force is behind it. When you press the brake, does the car just add neg ative accelerationRead More How Music Effects Mood and Perception in Motion Pictures Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is a fundamental necessity in the world that we live in today. We all implement music in our everyday lives whether it’s professionally or solely for entertainment purposes. Some people build careers on music as musicians, composers, singers, or teachers while the latter of us just need music to get through the day whether we’re driving or at work or just need to relax. The need for music in our contemporary society affects us in a myriad of different ways--including the undeniable effect onRead MoreThe Impact of Hollywood in American Society1568 Words   |  6 Pages20th century as well as shaping our modern world. In 1894, two French Brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumiere introduced the portable motion picture camera and projector as a solution to the smaller projection of Thomas Edison’s original invention the kinetoscope. In April of 1896, the two men unveiled their vitascope and presented the first motion pictures on the public screen in the United States. (SOURCE) This was the great start of Hollywood. Many extraordinary producers and filmmakersRead More Mass Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdo. Through our means of entertainment, it is almost a guide in how one should live their life. With the technology we have in our world we are persuaded to believe what is right and what is wrong. Although we create our own world, our thoughts were imposed upon us since the day we are born. â€Å"What if the world is some kind of show. What if we are only talents assembled by the Great Talent Scout Up Above! The Great Show of Life! Starring Everybody! Suppose entertainment is the Purpose of Life,†Read MoreDisney s Current Published Mission Statement Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesis to be one of the world s driving makers and suppliers of diversion and data. Utilizing our arrangement of brands to separate our substance, administrations and customer items, we try to build up the most imaginative, creative and productive diversion encounters and related items on the planet. The statement of purpose is liable to feedback and appears to be just about as though it is obsolete. For illustration, Walt Disney is effectively one of the world s driving makers of the merchandise andRead MoreTelevision : A New, Evolutionary Technology, Or A Blast From The Past?967 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the viewpoint of a journalism historian, Donald L. Shaw identified a recurring pattern amongst American media in comparing the prevalence of newspapers, radios, motion pictures, and televisions when they were in their primes. They differed in that the later mediums were quicker to receive popularity; however, all four forms rose, stayed on ‘top’ for a period of time, and inevitably fell as they were replaced by a more popular type of media. Despite this pattern, Michael Wolff recently reported

A Discussion On Sexuality And Sexually Transmitted...

The end of this week marks another week down which leaves only two more to go. With this week coming to a close, I am another step to closing out my bachelors and hopefully starting my Masters in Cybersecurity with Excelsior in October. Despite the heavy workload with class I think this will be a good preparation for me as I get myself in the frame of mind to start on the Masters. However, I have to first make it through these last two weeks. This week focused was on sexually transmitted infections/diseases and sexual development throughout life. As usual, there were multiple assignments. We had our normal issue from the Taking Sides text, though it was only one this week, a discussion on sexuality in later life, the quiz and this wonderful three page reflection paper. Additionally our annotated bibliography was due this week. As usual, I will start with this week’s reading from the Taking Sides text. This week was slightly different in that we were given only one topic to rea d and discuss. The article discussed opposing views on whether or not sexting was considered safe sex. For my initial opinion on the topic, it seemed obvious to me that it was not a form of safe sex. In my mind people would have to be able to physically touch one another to actually have sex. Sexting is no different than reading an adult magazine or watching an adult movie or better yet phone sex. In essence you are doing it as a prelude to masturbation or in lieu of actually having sex. When IShow MoreRelatedSexuality And Its Effect On Children Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages Sexuality has always been a taboo topic of discussion in most societies. Whether it is talked about it casually among friends or for educational reasons, the subject of sex is bound to trigger some controversy. In contrast, with the exponential growth of technology, Internet, and social media, sexual images can be found with the click of a mouse. Here lies a great contradiction. If sex is so easily portrayed in media, why is so hard to talk about? Becoming educated about sexuality and achievingRead MoreComprehensive Sexual Education Should Be Taught1240 Words   |  5 PagesSYSTEM AS WELL.† SMITH REFERS TO THE INADEQUATE SEXUAL EDUCATION OF TEENAGERS IN AMERICA. Sexual education is the instruction on issues about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships. Comprehensive sex education teaches about abstinence, condoms, and contraceptives to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. As well as, the skills needed to help young people explore their own values and options. 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There are several arguments when it comes to sexual education being taught in school systems. Many parents fear their student will learn too much at young age and won’t know how often sexual education is being discussed. Children in today’s society are going through puberty at young agesRead MoreCommunity Profile Essay5395 Words   |  22 Pagesimmigration, age, gender, epidemiology, environment and lifestyle and further looking at the prevalence and epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases over all age groups within the region, a comparison will be made against the number of cases of each disease against the national average. Further examination into other factors linked with sexually transmitted infections and what services are available within Stockton-on-Tees. An individuals health and well-being can be influenced across allRead MoreEssay about Todays Adolescents: A Look at Sexual Development4190 Words   |  17 PagesToday’s Adolescent: a look at Sexual Development Puberty What role does early puberty play in sex? As childhood slowly fades away and the signs of puberty becomes apparent on the young adolescent body. During puberty the body undergoes many physical changes that seemingly just appear. For girls in the early years of adolescence may not see any secondary changes in their appearance however their ovaries began to grow. In recent years girls have been experiencing puberty at early periods ratherRead MoreContributions Of The 1960s Counterculture Movement2552 Words   |  11 PagesCounterculture Movement to Developments in Modern Medicine In today’s society, the 1960s are most commonly remembered for the counterculture, a period of social revolution and self-liberation. However, in addition to the commonly discussed social effects of the counterculture, there were also several notable effects of the movement on the medical field. While some of these new medical developments, such as the growth of recreational drug use and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, proved to be aRead MoreSame Sex Marriage (Debate Paper)4727 Words   |  19 PagesGian Marla Valdez Alexis Paul Canales Timothy Compra Alma Godenes March 13, 2013 Wednesday PREMISES 1. It leads to moral degradation. 2. It will increase cases of sexually transmitted diseases. 3. It destroys the true essence of family. 4. It creates gender confusion among children. 5. It is immoral. INTRODUCTION Same-sex marriage is marriage betweenRead MoreRisk on Studen Prostitute in Zamboanga City4811 Words   |  20 Pages There are corresponding risks that a student prostitute can acquire namely some sexually diseases that they can get through the intercourse and also in her personality, her outlook towards the society whether it is emotionally or physically.(Weitzer, Ronal, 2005) RELATED LITERATURE All prostitution causes harm to women. Whether it is being sold by one’s family to a brothel, or whether it is being sexually abused in one’s family, running away from home, and then being pimped by one’s boyfriendRead MorePsychosocial Development and the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy3953 Words   |  16 PagesPsychosocial Development and the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy Liberty University Abstract An estimated 400,000 teen girls, ages 15-19 years, give birth each year in the US. In today’s media sexual activity and teen parenting is often glamorize, but the truth of the matter is the reality is harshly different. Having a child during the teen’s formative years carries the high price of emotional, physical, and financial, not only to the mother, but father, child, and community. Parents, educators

Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay Summary Example For Students

Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay Summary Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl No one in todays society can even come close to experiencing the heartache, torment, anguish, and complete misery suffered by women in slavery. Many women endured this agony their entire lives, there only joy they found was through their children and families, who were torn away from them and sold, never to be seen or heard from again. In the book, Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl, Linda Brent tells a spectacular story of her twenty years spent in slavery with her master Dr. Flint, and her jealous Mistress. She speaks of her trials and triumphs as well as the harms done to other slaves. She takes you on the inside of slavery and shows you the Hell on Earth slavery really was. She tells you the love and heartbreak she experienced being an unmarried slave mother. At the age of twenty or so, Linda escapes and with no place to hide she ends up in very small garret outside her grandmothers house. The garret was only nine-foot long and seven-foot wi de, so small she could not even stand up. She lived in this hole with no light, no fresh air, and she barely moved for almost seven years. Linda finally escaped the confines of the garret and made her way to the North where she and her children lived much happier and most of all they lived free. Linda Brent said, Slavery is terrible for men, but is far more terrible for women. She makes a good and true point, for when her life and the life of other slave women are compared to mens, mentally, slavery takes a much larger toll on the suffering of women. Women are responsible for their children, and the children of their masters. Mothers are often left feeling guilty for bringing their children into the cruel world of slavery. As Linda Brent expresses, I often prayed for death; but now I didnt want to die, unless my child could die too . . . its clinging fondness was a mixture of love and pain . . . sometimes I wished that he (Benny) might die in infancy . . .death is better than slaver y. In the book Linda has mixed feelings about her children because she so dearly loves them. She doesnt want them to suffer in slavery as she has so she wishes they would die, but she loves them and she doesnt want to lose them as many slave mothers had. I can only imagine how torn and incapable she must have felt as a slave and a mother. Linda also speaks of The Slaves New Years Day, this was the time that slaves everywhere were sold and leased. Many mothers were torn from their husbands and their children. Linda speaks of one woman she witnessed, I saw a mother lead seven children to the auction-block. She knew that some of them would be taken from her, but they took all . . .(The woman screamed) Gone! All gone! Why dont God kill me? Linda explains that these things happened daily, even hourly. This is only a small piece of the torture it was to be a woman in slavery. Lindas master often made perverted comments to her in which she expressed as too filthy to tell. He constantly thr eatened her and her life explaining that she was his to with as he pleased. When Linda became pregnant with the son of a white man, Dr. Flint became very angry and he constantly reminded her of the fact that her baby was also his property, like a piece of land. When she had the boy she named him Benjamin, he was premature and Linda herself became very ill after the delivery. Linda refused to let anyone send for a doctor, because the only doctor that could treat her was Dr. Flint and she despised him. Finally when they thought she would die they sent for her master. He treated her and her child (Benny), and soon they recovered. .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .postImageUrl , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:hover , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:visited , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:active { border:0!important; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:active , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to buy a used car Essay Almost three years later Linda had a daughter whom she named Ellen, which angered Dr. Flint even more. Once when Benny ran to cling to his mother when Dr. Flint was striking her, Dr. Flint knocked the child all the way across the room nearly killing him. After the abuse afflicted on Benny, Linda finally escaped in search of a safe way to the North; she hid in various places, first, in a white friends house, where she was made very sick when concealed in a very damp place under the floor. She then remained in a locked storage room upstairs until she found out her children were sold to their father, who never really claimed them. Mr. Sands the childrens biological father handed the children and their papers over to Lindas grandmother, so they thought. The woman Linda was staying with finally thought it best for both their sakes that she left, because people were becoming suspicious. When Linda left, her family had no where to conceal her so, they disguised her and sat her out at the sn aky swamp for two days while they build her a small garret outside her grandmothers house. At the swamp she described the snakes, as being so plentiful that they had to push them away with a stick and the air so thick with mosquitoes she became ill from all the bites. They finally finished and Linda hid out in the small garret that measured about three feet in height, nine feet in length, and five feet in width. Linda spoke of the suffocating air, the dampness always about during the rains and the smothering heat in the summer. She even talked about the rats and mice crawling over her body. She told about watching her children Ellen and Benny grow up through a small peephole. Her grandmother would bring her food at night and talk with her. Even as her great aunt was dying she could not leave to tend to her; all she could do was stay in her little smothering space. Soon Dr. Flint began saying that Lindas children belonged to his daughter and the contract of their sale was not legal b ecause she was too young to consent to sale them. So in fear that he would take Ellen, Mr. Sands said he would send her to stay with a cousin, in the North where she would go to school. Linda and her grandmother agreed and Ellen was on her way to Boston. The night before Ellen left her mother came out of her hole and into the house to talk with her. She told Ellen, I am your mother. and Ellen replied, Are you really my mother? Ellen couldnt even remember what her own mother looked like. Linda spent that night with Ellen and they wept on each other and spoke of the things that had happened over the years. Ellen departed for Boston the following morning. Finally, Linda received word that there was a safe way to get to the North and she left, after spending almost seven years in that tiny space. Linda finally made it to the North, safely and discreetly, no one suspected a thing. Dr. Flint assumed shed lived in the North for years, hed even gone in search of her several times. Although the North wasnt everything Linda thought it would be, she was for the most part free. The people werent as nice as she thought they would be, and many of them were still extremely prejudice. On her train ride to New York Linda had to pay to ride in a back car full of the smells of tobacco and whiskey. Shockingly, when Linda got there her Ellen had not been living very well. She had worn thin clothes and sometimes no shoes. She hadnt even been sent to school even though she could have attended public schools for free. Ellen was extremely unhappy. She had actually been given to Mr. Sands niece as a handmaid. Although Linda was extremely angry she said nothing for fear of the selling of her daughter. .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .postImageUrl , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:hover , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:visited , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:active { border:0!important; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:active , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Importance of Ethnic Culture EssayLinda found a job being a nurse to a nice family by the last name of Bruce and eventually got her daughter back and they later sent for her son to be with them. Dr. Flint continued to come to the North in search for her, but she had many friends who hid her. In September 1850, a few years after Linda arrived in the North the Fugitive Slave Law was passed, it made it easy to legally seize and enslave any black man or woman at-large. All they had to do was apprehend the person, go before the commissioner, swear to the ownership of him or her and get a certificate of arrest. The commissioner received ten dollars for giving the certificate and five for denying it. Therefore, there were few denials. The black man or woman accused of being a fugitive slave had no right to a trial and jury. After the death of Dr. Flint, and Lindas dear grandmother, Linda began thought it necessary to reading the paper everyday to see the new people checking into town. Linda especially looked for her mistresss name, Mrs. Dodge, whom shed heard, had been very low of funds and needed Linda simply to get some money. Sure enough Mrs. Dodge showed up, Linda ran with the baby she nursed to California to stay with her brother. Benny was learning a trade with her brother and Ellen was in boarding school. At last Lindas dear friend Mrs. Bruce purchased her for three hundred dollars. The Dodges were so certain that theyd never find her and so low on finances that they probably would have sold her for anything. At last Linda and her children were free. Never to become captured by the Fugitive Slave Law and never again burdened with the thought that som eone might know them and turn them in. What a relief that must have been after living such a long life as a runaway slave and poor slave mother. As you could see Ms. Linda Brent was a very strong woman whos love for her children fueled her determination to ensure that they would not live the horrible slave life as she had for so many years. She endured many painful years with the thought of one-day securing freedom for herself and her children, which she finally obtained. But I often wondered how strongly Linda must have about the word free. As I stated in my opening sentence no one from todays society will ever come close to understanding the life of an enslaved person, and for that reason we will never understand the intense feelings Linda had about the word free.

International Of Diversity In Organisations-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Of Diversity In Organisations? Answer: Introduction Third sex or third gender as it is popularly referred to is a concept where people are categorized either by society or themselves as being neither a woman or a man. Under this context the third term is used to imply other (Winter, 2006). The term third gender is also used to describe a distinct social category that is preset in those societies which recognize the existent of more than 2 genders. The state of being identified by the society or personally identifying as a woman or a man or third gender is mostly defined by the gender role and gender identity of the individual in the society where they live. The debate regarding the status of third gender has been quite intensive in the Southeast Asia region. Thailand is one of the countries in the Southeast Asia region to hint at the constitutional recognition of the third gender. This literature review will analyze one of the articles on Thailands decision to recognize the third gender in its constitution with the objective of determining what factors led to the decision and its long term impacts. In reviewing the article titled, Thailands Transgender People Arent Just Ladyboys Anymore, by Jay Michaelson, the paper will also seek to investigate how the decision will impact the country social system and what it means for the LGBT community in the country. Literature Review The article by Jay Michaelson discusses a decision that was made by Thailands Constitution Drafting Committee on the 10th of January 2015 to include the term third gender into the countrys constitution as an acceptable gender. This proposal was made with the objective of ensuring that the new constitution would prohibit discrimination on the grounds of gender expression or gender identity. In the article the author seeks to examine the implication of Thailands decision and the reason why such a move was taken in Thailand. The author indicates that individuals who attempt to understand the context of the decision made by the constitutional drafting committee usually end up misunderstanding it due to the difference in cultural contexts. This statement by the author is based on the fact that different cultures have varied understanding of gender expression and gender identity. In countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and India, the term third gender is used to refer to Hijra ( transgender individuals) (Yamphaka, 2007). In the Thailand context, the phrase third gender is used to refer to individuals who are classified as Katoey. These are transgender, transsexuals, and effeminate men or cross dressers. Prior to the proposal to officially recognize individuals who are categorized as Kotoey as a valid gender, the Katoey were considered to be inferior and considerably discriminated against. According to the Committees spokesman Kamnnoo Sittisamarn, the inclusion of third gender into the constitution is due to the fact that Thai society has evolved ad recognized the need for protecting all sexes not only men and women. Michealson proceeds to indicate that traditional Thai attitudes are both a hindrance and solution to the problems being faced by the Katoeys. In a survey conducted to determine the views of the Thai people towards Katoeys, it was determined that people who are closely related with Katoeys encourage the children to express themselves as they wish to. In the survey it was estimated that approximately 40.7% of Thai citizens held positive attitudes towards MTFTGs (Thailand to recognise "third gender" in new constitution panel, 2015). A number of studies have revealed that Thais in urban areas facilitate an attitude that encourages individuals to express themselves in a manner that they deem to be fit (Michaelson, 2015). However, the study also highlights the fact that even though certain gender practices are socially accepted within Thai culture, official government institutions and a small section of the society still discriminate against individuals who identify as Katoey. Thai spiritual beliefs have also played a significant role in shaping Thailands traditional attitudes towards third genders. Unlike western spiritual beliefs where gender is defined based on the persons anatomy. In traditional Thailand spiritual belief gender is defined based on a persons social and sexual role (Bering, 2015). Studies have also revealed that ancient Thai myths on creation speak of the existence of three genders. These beliefs have led to a majority of Thailands society (especially those individuals in the Northern part of the country) have a positive attitude towards the concept of third sex. In his article Michaelson indicates that even though third gender individuals are still being discriminated against, the move to officially recognize them is a significant step forward. Their recognition within the constitution is a significant step due to the fact that they too will enjoy the same social rights that are afforded to members of the male and female genders. The author proceeds to highlight the fact that as it is the countrys constitution only prohibits discrimination based on a persons sex and gender. This statement serves to highlight the fact that as it currently stands the constitution does not specifically refer to third gender and therefore it does not protect them. By including the proposed annex which states that gender includes all gender identities and specifying that gender does not only refer to the male and female genders but also the phet thi sam ( third gender), the constitution protects those who fall under this category from being discriminated against. In the article the author also points out to the loss of the meaning of third gender in its translation. The author points out to the fact that contrary to popular belief, the term third gender is a short hand whose contexts has been misrepresented by the media. In the Thai context the term third gender was used primarily to refer to transgender individuals. However, due to the misunderstanding of the context, the term has been used to refer to the most prevalent transgender like category in the country which is Kathoey. By doing this the definition of third gender is restricted to individuals who are biologically born as males but may assume female identities either through acquiring gender identities ( think of themselves as females), gender expression ( present or express themselves as females) and/or sexual characteristics ( undergo sexual reassignment procedures) (Beyrer, 1998). This misunderstood translation of third gender threatens to be a hindrance to obtaining the exact objective of what the low set out to establish. The misinterpretation of the term stems from the fact that the colloquial translation of Kathoey is ladyboy (Methangkun, 1986). A number of human rights activists have argued that even if passed, the misinterpretation of the term will result in a large percentage of those who should be protected by the low being left out. The activists argue that members of the LGBT community and individuals who born as females but identify as males should also be covered by the term. According to them, the phrase other should be used to refer to all other genders that do not conform to the guidelines used to identify the male and female genders. This will ensure that the inclusion of third gender into the constitution will effectively protect all other individuals who do not identify as either males or females. The author also argues that the fact that ladyboys are ubiquitous in the country and most of them work as entertainers has resulted in most people not taking them getting little social respect (Jackson, 1996). This argument stems from the fact that society usually judges people in the way they present themselves. Studies have indicated that if a community is usually portrayed in a negative manner to the larger society, it is more likely that the society will perceive that particular society negatively regardless of the fact that the negative representation does not reflect the entire society (Claes, 2011). This logic is reflected in Thai societys perception of ladyboys and entertainers and individuals who should not be taken seriously. This negative representation of ladyboys affects the societys view of individuals who categorize themselves as third genders as they are seen not to be serious. The author further proceeds to argue that the fact that Thailand is one of the few countries in the world that have recognized the third gender as a legitimate gender category does not stem from the concept of democratic practice or advanced gender theory but from the fact that those roles and identities are part and parcel of traditional Thai culture. This statement insinuates that the major reason as to why third gender individuals have experienced such positives attitudes from Thai people is because of traditional Thai culture. Traditional Thai culture unlike most western and cultures recognize and appreciates the existence of more than two gender identities. It is also important to note that it is this positive attitude of the society towards transgender that has contributed to the large number of individuals who identify as third genders in Thailand. It is because of the Thai culture that third gender individuals in the country enjoy a greater degree of public acceptance and safety than transgender individuals in most other parts of the world. The author also points out that due to this fact the transgender individuals are estimated to be between 10,000 to 100,000 people from the population of 56 million. Due to the social acceptance the transgender have been able to be famous models, actors, and politician (Gooren et al., 2013). In this section of the article the author highlights the fact that lack of cultural support and acceptance is one of the major reasons as to why most third gender individuals in society usually end up underperforming. Without societal acceptance and support, an individual is unable to effectively express him/herself; the individual also looses his/her self confidence thereby negatively affecting his performable in society. Despite the level of success obtained by Thai society with regards to the acceptance of transgender individuals, there still exists a number of challenges hindering their social image. The Kathoey identity has been widely stigmatized and the result of that stigmatization is a significant percentage of (Kathoeys engaging in sex work Thailand to recognise "third gender" in new constitution panel, 2011). The stigmatization has also resulted in a significant percentage of members from this social group being excluded from professions that are deemed to be upper class professions, marginalized and rejected y their families. A large percentage of individuals from the Southern part of the country believe that being Kathoey is retribution for bad actions that individuals performed in their past life. This belief is closely related to the Buddhist belief of reincarnation. Buddhism is one of the most popular religions in the most popular religions in Thailand and has significantly influenced the way people view certain societal life. In Buddhism, individuals are reincarnated based on their past life. Those who behaved poorly in their past life will have their transgression punished during their reincarnation. In the article, the author also cites western representation of transgender individuals as another driver of negative perception of transgender individuals in the . The western discourse of medicalization has greatly contributed to individuals who identify as third gender being viewed as disordered or sick (Gooren et al., 2015). The article also proceeds to discuss the concept of transmen which is new in Southeast Asia. The term transman refers to a male individual who was assigned a female gender at birth. Transman unlike the cisgender men usually identify with any sexuality like bisexualism gay, pansexual, polysexul, demisexual etc (Newman et al., 2013). Individuals who identify has transmen argue that the Thailand government has misrepresented them significantly and as a result of this misrepresentation they have not been able to enjoy most of the rights that should be afforded to them. The perceived neglect of transgender men is based on the fact that Thai society pays more attention to the plight and needs of transwomen who constitute a significant percentage of the transgender society in the country (Sinnott, 2004). The proposed constitutional changes w will serve to eliminate some of the discrimination that the individuals in these groups are experiencing and create room for social cohesion. The author compares progress made by Thailand with regards to the rights of transgender with those made by the U.S. He argues that unlike in Thailand where a significant amount of progress has been made with regards to the plight of transgender, in the U.S, the rights of those who fall under the transgender community have been overshadowed by those of gays and Lesbian. The discrepancy between these two countries can be traced back to the fact that the organizations fighting for LGBT rights in the U.S are stronger than those fighting for transgender rights. It can also be due to the fact that the transgender community in the U.S is smaller than that of Thailand and as a result of this a significant percentage of the transgender in Thailand. This has resulted in most of the organizations championing for transgender rights in the country falling under the LGBT community umbrella. It is essential to highlight the fact that unlike in the U.S, the progress of transgender rights does not imply progress with regards to the rights of homosexuals. In most Southeast Asian countries, homosexuality is still considered as a major offense and shunned by a significant percentage of the society. In Thailand some schools teach that homosexuality is a disease (Winter, 2006). This attitude has led to a large group of homosexual individuals in the country identifying them as transgender. Conclusion From the arguments presented in this paper, it is evident that the proposal made by the Constitutional Drafting community is just a first step towards obtaining equal treatment for individuals who neither identify as males or females (Sinnott, 2004). Even though the proposal might serve to bring equity for transgender within Thai society, certain negative portrayals of transgender individuals might serve to negatively affect the impact of the proposal. It is also evident from the arguments provided that Thai culture has played a significant role in shaping how transgender are viewed. The inclusion of the proposal into the countrys constitution is not as a result of the country being developed socially or politically but due to traditional practices that has made transgender individuals widely accepted in the society. The societys traditional culture tends to affect social perception of transgender individuals both positively and negatively. In the paper this is demonstrated in the fact that the Buddhist religion believes in their being more than two genders. This belief has led to most of the members of that society believing in the existence of third, fourth and fifth genders (naldi, 2011). As a result of this there has been a significant increase in the number of Thai individuals who identify as transgender. On the other hand, the same Buddhist religion also speaks of reincarnation. As a result of this belief a significant percentage of individuals in the Southern part of the country believe that transgender are reincarnated individual who did evil in their past lives. This belief has led to discrimination against transgender individuals (Saisuwan, 2011) Based on the arguments it is logical to conclude that opinion regarding transgender individuals in Thailand is considerably divided. The new law will serve to promote social equity and provide transgender individuals with the rights that have been afforded to other members of the society (Towle, Morgan, 2002). It is also evident from the arguments that the author believes that more should be done to promote social equity for transgender individuals in the country. However, he recognizes the fact that the obtainment of constitutional recognition as a valid gender is one of the largest huddles that the country has overcame. References Thailand to recognise "third gender" in new constitution -panel. 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