Thursday, May 28, 2020

Nature Imagery in Out Stealing Horses - Literature Essay Samples

After stabbing Captain Hook in an epic sword battle, Peter Pan cheerfully exclaims, â€Å"I’m youth, I’m joy, I’m a little bird that has broken out of the egg!† This proclamation shows the relationship between adolescence, happiness, and nature. In many ways, Per Petterson’s Out Stealing Horses shows the same connections. Trond resembles James Barrie’s Peter Pan; both remain youthful, undertake many adventures, and are able to either literally or symbolically fly. However, while Peter Pan relies on his pixie dust for these powers, Trond uses his connection with nature, reliving his childhood memories to keep this bond with the natural world alive and fresh. Petterson uses natural imagery to establish the complete harmony and subsequent synonymous identity that exists between nature and Trond. Trond’s profound awareness of nature and the heightened perception that this awareness brings urge the reader to be more consciously mindful of t he precious, quieter moments linked to the landscape that we may ignore in our daily interactions with our environment. Tronds connection with nature, which begins in his childhood, is shown through images that reflect his harmonious relationship to the environment. On his last adventure with his father, Trond navigates the forests and rides on horseback. His father notices that Trond is uncomfortable in the saddle and instructs him to â€Å"let [his] hips go loose†¦ be a part of the horse† (207). He is suggesting that Trond become one with nature instead of fighting against it. Trond then says that â€Å"[his] body was put together in such a way that it was good for riding† (207). As soon as Trond allows himself to relax into the horse’s rhythm, he is able to become part of the natural world, something he is able to do with ease. After Trond and his father arrive at the log jam, Trond recognizes that he must tie a rope to one of the logs in order to break the dam. As Trond reaches the dam and begins to â€Å"jump from log to log† (216), he exclaims, â€Å"I’m flying!† (217). Though Trond isn’t actually flying, this statement has deeper meaning. He feels light and free, like a bird, not only able to appreciate nature, but also understand that he has become a part of nature itself. Later, as Trond takes the train with his mother to retrieve money from the bank, he makes many intimate observations about the Glomma River. He remarks that â€Å"[he] was friends with the water† (227). By calling the river a friend, Trond underscores his connection with the landscape. Trond also says, â€Å"the [Glomma River] was still within me† (227). He has moved past simple appreciation into integration with what he observes. The river provides a source of security for Trond. After waking up to find his father missing, Trond stands on the edge of a river, and says that, â€Å"[he] could immerse [himself] in water†¦ and be the anchor [of the world]† (101). Not only are nature and Trond intertwined, but nature is importa nt to Trond because it provides him with strength and stability. This imagery shows a symbiotic relationship between Trond and the earth, allowing him to form vivid, sensory memories he can immerse himself in even in his old age. As a result of this harmonious connection, a heightened awareness awakens in Trond, allowing him to savor the precious moments that his consciousness grants him. While walking through the forest with Jon to go steal Barkald’s horses, Trond notices â€Å"the sweet, sharp, all pervading odor of something greater than ourselves†¦ the forest† (22). Trond’s awe and reverence for nature arises from the simple smell of the woods, which to him, is much more than just a sensory happening. It is a connection to something larger than himself. Trond makes this more explicit when he states that the forest was â€Å"beyond all comprehension† (22), and that it was so large that â€Å"you could get lost†¦ and a hundred people [couldn’t] find you† (22). Trond may only be walking down a path in the woods, but it is a path whose meaning is magnified by his synergistic link to nature. Trond then asks, â€Å"why should [getting lost in the forest] be s o bad?† (22). Disappearing in the woods is not terrible, because for Trond, the trees, like the river, are a place of comfort. Trond later notices a distinct, â€Å"scent of new-felled timber† (74) after a morning of cutting trees. This odor â€Å"penetrated everything everywhere† (74) and â€Å"[he] smelled of resin, [his] clothes smelled, and [his] hair smelled, and [his] skin smelled† (74). Trond realizes the unity between him and the natural world and says, â€Å"I was forest† (74). What might be a simple sensory event for some people becomes a pantheistic experience for Trond. Though this imagery does not directly reference God, Trond has a moment of transcendent revelation. While the forest is large and grand, smaller aspects of nature also offer Trond the chance to reach this higher plane of consciousness. As he rides Barkald’s horse with Jon, Trond screams â€Å"Yahoo!† (24) out of joy. He then has a moment of intense awareness when he feels like he is in, â€Å"a different place, from the great space where birds sing† (24). Not only does Trond notice the birds singing, he exists with them outside the sphere of ordinary life. After listening to the birds, Trond becomes â€Å"completely happy† (24). The horse’s back â€Å"drummed through [his] body like a heartbeat†, and he falls into a silence where he moves beyond the quotidian. In this place of enlightened recognition, the beautiful sounds of the birds are distinct from other sounds, and â€Å"each time [he] breathed, there were notes coming, out† (25). Once again, a simple experience sends Trond soaring above the mundane. He becomes a bird, just as h e is the river and the forest, a transformation that reflects his ability to draw joy from what others may overlook. After stealing Barkald’s horses, Trond and Jon climb a spruce tree and find a goldcrest nest. Trond has an epiphany when looking at the goldcrest eggs, and whispers, â€Å"It’s weird that something so little come can come alive and just fly away† (29). Words cannot describe the â€Å"rushing, airy feeling [he] felt† (29). Trond recognizes the beauty and possibility in even a tiny and delicate bird egg. When Jon destroys the bird egg, Trond is broken. On an emotional level, Trond felt â€Å"desperate† (30). Because Trond is so intertwined with nature and has such reverence for its potential, this small gesture affects him physically. He has trouble breathing and feels like he has â€Å"asthma† (31). Trond’s responsiveness to the natural world gives him a sense of wonder and an ability to ascend, but can also cause his de scension into despair. Through the use of natural imagery around the birds and bird egg, Petterson establishes how Trond appreciates and remembers the small details of his childhood. Through Trond, Petterson urges the reader to hone his or her consciousness in order to fully experience the sacred moments we may otherwise ignore. Petterson captures Trond’s high regard for and relation to the wilderness through natural imagery that assimilates Trond with nature. Petterson suggests that like Trond, the reader become like Peter Pan always youthful, always happy, and always rooted in the natural world.

Monday, May 18, 2020

Essay Case Study of Lincoln Electric Company - 875 Words

Integrative Case: The Lincoln Electric Company Tony Slattery Everest University Abstract â€Å"We are a global manufacturer and the market leader of the highest quality welding, cutting and joining products. Our enduring passion for the development and application of our technologies allows us to create complete solutions that make our customers more productive and successful. We will distinguish ourselves through an unwavering commitment to our employees and a relentless drive to maximize shareholder value† (http://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/company/Pages/vision-statement.aspx). This is the vision of James Lincoln, founder of Lincoln Electric Company. I will look at this vision and apply it towards the†¦show more content†¦572). Finally, the last stakeholders in the Lincoln Electric Company are the stockholders. James Lincoln regulated them to secondary status. However, the stockholders of Lincoln Electric have done well over the years. Integration and Application. P. 67 a. Describe the relevance of the environmental forces for Lincoln Electric’s approach to managing human resources. Economic globalization. Nobody cannot stop globalization. Lincoln Electric realized this concept. They used the same philosophy here as they do on foreign land. Lincoln Electric found out how customs and laws affected them as far as business. The worldwide business environment remains to be a main developmental prospect for Lincoln Electric as far as global manufacture and trades from the United States (Jackson et al., 2011). The country culture of the United States. Lincoln Electric has been on top in relating to the country’s culture of the United States. James Lincoln realized that treating people fair and realized their needs will sustain the company for the long haul. For an example, in 2008 when the United States was in recession, many major corporations laid of its employees. The feeling of discontent was high in the United States. However, Lincoln Electric did not lay off one person. Instead, the company lower their hours until the recession is over. Not only this method saved the employees’ jobs and it also sustain their morals and spirits. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Lincoln Electric Company Case Study Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesThere are plenty of reasons why Lincoln Electric Company (LEC) is successful, and a big one that people usually credit the success to is the way it’s managed. While reading the Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin, we learned a lot about the echo of the founder’s philosophies still very present in the company, we looked at the highly rewarding merit pay plan, and we learned about LEC’s authoritarian management style. There are plenty more reasons why LEC has been so successfulRead MoreLincoln Electric Company Case Study Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesLincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin is an eye-opening exposition on the inner workings of such a successful organization. Many times, when the general public hears of a successful company, they normally focus on the product, the impact on society and the numbers. But to have an insight on how a company reached its current level of success explicates what it takes to maintain a high level of consistency. Although I understand that the policies and plans that are implementedRead MoreCase Study : Lincoln Electric Company Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study: Lincoln Electric Company Lincoln Electric Company is headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. Established in Euclid, Ohio by John C. Lincoln and James F. Lincoln. The organization has been very successful and is now the world leading manufacturing company of welding products for over 120 years. Through their vision, John C. Lincoln and James F. Lincoln established a habit and culture of modernization and distinction that continues to drive the Company. Everyone at Lincoln strives to keep theirRead MoreLincoln Electric Company Case Study Study Analysis1026 Words   |  5 PagesLincoln Electric Company Case Study Analysis In this Case Study Analysis, I will identify examples of the types of organizational culture (innovative and stable) that the Lincoln Electric Company has, as well as the benefits and problems the company could experience as a result of these. The idea that stuck out the most about the Lincoln Electric Company is that they obviously have a strong culture that all levels of employees are proud to be a part of. According to Carpenter, Taylor, and ErdoganRead MoreCase Study : Lincoln Electric Company891 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Lincoln Electric Company. The first point of the paper is to look at the continuing influence of the founders of the company. The second point is to look at the golden rule, the incentive management plan, the performance appraisal system, the way people communicate in the company, the merit pay plan, the bonus plan, and the management style. By analyzing these features the end result will be that there is an understanding of the culture of the company. Lincoln Electric CompanyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study1006 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin By: Lauren N. Ingram The Lincoln Electric Company was a legacy company from which the families personal values were incorporated in the beginning and continue to be the fundamental beliefs compromising the company s culture. By creating and implementing a culture of service, respect, and loyalty, the Lincoln Electric Company has become an institutional leader in American business standards. Lincoln s culture cannotRead MoreThe Theory Of The Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study1165 Words   |  5 Pagesfour functions serves as a general guiding rule for every organization or company towards the attainment of desirable leadership style. Executives’ drive the company pursuant to its mission statement, employees should have mutual respect to one another, and the company should offer an acceptable compensation. Thereby working as one community for a crystal clear vision. Having read the Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin, I would like to contextualize my evaluati on into differentRead MoreCase Analysis : Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment Unit 3 Case Analysis of The Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study In this case analysis I will be analyzing and summarizing my understanding of the organizational culture of the Lincoln Electric Company, based on key pointers and a Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin. In my analysis I will be using the framework from chapter eight of the textbook â€Å"Principles of Management† by Carpenter, Bauer and Erdogan to discern aspects of the company’s culture. The company is said to have aRead MoreCase Study887 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons choose the case 1.2 The Problems The problems of this case are: 1. How would you characterize Lincoln Electric’s strategy? In this context, what is the nature of Lincoln’s business and upon what bases does this company compete? 2. What are the most important elements of Lincoln’s overall approach to organization and control that help explain why this company is so successful? How well do Lincoln’s organization and control mechanismsRead MoreAnalysis On The Lincoln Electric Company Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesANALYSIS ON THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY INTRODUCTION The general outlook of The Lincoln Electric Company shows that it was a successful company regardless of the death of James F. Lincoln in 1965. The many college management texts refer to the Lincoln plan as a model of achieving high worker productivity. SUBJECTING THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY TO THE ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE ANALYSIS Organizational Culture according to the text book refers to a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that

Saturday, May 16, 2020

French Noun Endings Can Be a Telltale Sign of Gender

French gender  is a headache for many students of French. Why is manteau masculine and montre feminine? Why is  tà ©moin  always masculine and  victime  always feminine? As vexing as this subject is for nonnative speakers, we simply have to accept that French gender is here to stay. In fact, consider yourself lucky that youre studying French; in German and Latin, for instance, youd have to learn three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), and in still other languages, it gets even more complicated. It might help to know that grammatical  gender (what were discussing here) has nothing to do with natural gender, which is actual, physical gender of living beings. Linguist Andrew Livingston tells us grammatical gender is a way of classing nouns thats older than recorded history. Its deeply embedded in the DNA of an array of Indo-European languages that trace their lineage to a common ancestor, which probably needed to differentiate between the animate and the inanimate. In French, theres simply no way to know the gender of every single noun other than by memorizing the gender of each. There are, however, certain patterns in suffixes and word endings that are a tip-off. As you can see by the number of exceptions here, these gender patterns are not foolproof indicators, but they can help. Before we begin, a couple of notes: We try to list the most common and, thus, most useful exceptions; we avoid obscure exceptions. Also, to avoid confusion, we do not list  dual-gender nouns.   French Masculine Nouns Here are some suffixes that usually indicate masculine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. -ageExceptions: la cage, une image, la nage, la page, la plage, la rage -b -bleExceptions: une cible, une à ©table, une fable, une table -cException: la fac (apocope of la facultà ©) -cleException: une boucle -d -deExceptions: la bride, la merde, la mà ©thode, la pinà ¨de; -ade, -nde, -ude endings -à ©Exceptions: la clà ©, la psychà ©; sà ©, tà ©, and tià © endings -eauExceptions: leau, la peau -à ¨geException: la Norvà ¨ge -et -eurNote:  This applies mainly to names of professions and mechanical or scientific things; also see -eur in the list of feminine endings. -fExceptions: la soif, la clef, la nef -iExceptions: la foi, la fourmi, la loi, la paroi -ing -isme -k -lException: une roseval -mException: la faim -meExceptions: une alarme, une à ¢me, une arme, la cime, la coutume, la crà ¨me, là ©cume, une à ©nigme, une estime, une ferme, une firme, une forme, une larme, une plume, une rame, une rime, -mme ending -mentException: une jument -nExceptions: la faà §on, la fin, la leà §on, la main, la maman, la ranà §on; -son and -ion endings -oExceptions: la dactylo, la dynamo, la libido, la mà ©tà ©o, la moto, la steno (most of these are apocopes of longer feminine words) -oir -one -ou -p -rExceptions: la chair, la cour, la cuiller, la mer, la tour (see feminine -eur) -sExceptions: la brebis, la fois, une oasis, la souris, la vis -steExceptions: la liste, la modiste, la piste; names for people like un(e) artiste, un(e) nudiste, etc. -tExceptions: la burlat, la dent, la dot, la forà ªt, la jument, la mort, la nuit, la part, la plupart, la ziggourat -treExceptions: la fenà ªtre, une huà ®tre, la lettre, la montre, la rencontre, la vitre -uExceptions: leau, la peau, la tribu, la vertu -xExceptions: la croix, la noix, la paix, la toux, la voix Feminine Noun Endings Here are some suffixes that usually indicate feminine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. Remember, we list here the most common endings, because these will be the most useful for you to know. -aceExceptions: un ace, un palace -adeExceptions: le grade, le jade, le stade -aleExceptions: un chà ¢le, un pà ©tale, un scandale -ance -beExceptions: un cube, un globe, un microbe, un tube, un verbe -ceExceptions: un artifice, un armistice, un appendice, le bà ©nà ©fice, le caprice, le commerce, le dentifrice, le divorce, un exercice, un office, un orifice, un prà ©cipice, un prince, un sacrifice, un service, le silence, le solstice, le supplice, un vice -cà ©Exception: un crustacà © -eNote:  Most countries and names that end in e are feminine. -eeException: un pedigree -à ©eExceptions: un apogà ©e, un lycà ©e, un musà ©e, un pà ©rigà ©e, un trophà ©e -esse -eurNote: This applies mainly to abstract qualities and emotions, except le bonheur, lextà ©rieur, lhonneur, lintà ©rieur, le malheur, le meilleur. Also see -eur  on the list of masculine endings. -feException: le golfe -ieExceptions: un incendie, le foie, le gà ©nie, le parapluie, le sosie -ià ¨reExceptions: larrià ¨re, le cimetià ¨re, le derrià ¨re -ineExceptions: le capitaine, le domaine, le moine, le magazine, le patrimoine -ionExceptions: un avion, un bastion, un billion, un camion, un cation, un dominion, un espion, un ion, un lampion, un lion, un million, le morpion, un pion, un scion, un scorpion, un trillion -iqueExceptions: un graphique, un pà ©riphà ©rique -ireExceptions: un auditoire, un commentaire, un dictionnaire, un directoire, un horaire, un itinà ©raire, livoire, un laboratoire, un navire, un pourboire, le purgatoire, le rà ©pertoire, le salaire, le sommaire, le sourire, le territoire, le vocabulaire -ise -iteExceptions: lanthracite, un ermite, le granite, le graphite, le mà ©rite, lopposite, le plà ©biscite, un rite, un satellite, un site, un termite -lleExceptions: le braille, un gorille, un intervalle, un mille, un portefeuille, le vaudeville, le vermicelle, le violoncelle -mmeExceptions: un dilemme, un gramme, un programme -ndeException: le monde -nne -oleExceptions: le contrà ´le, le monopole, le rà ´le, le symbole -rreExceptions: le beurre, le parterre, le tonnerre, le verre -seExceptions: un carosse, un colosse, le gypse, linverse, un malaise, un pamplemousse, un parebrise, le suspense -sà ©Exceptions: un exposà ©, un opposà © -sion -sonExceptions: un blason, un blouson -tà ©Exceptions: un arrà ªtà ©, le comità ©, le comtà ©, le cà ´tà ©, un dà ©putà ©, un à ©tà ©, le pà ¢tà ©, le traità © -tià © -tionException: le bastion -udeExceptions: le coude, un interlude, le prà ©lude -ueException: un abaque -uleExceptions: le prà ©ambule, le scrupule, le tentacule, le testicule, le và ©hicule, le ventricule, le vestibule ï » ¿-ureExceptions: le centaure, le cyanure, le dinosaure, le murmure

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Driving Force in Entertainment is the Motion Picture

ANALYSIS OF MOTION PICTURE REVIEW AND SYNTHESIZE The motion picture is the main driving force of the entertainment market, one of the biggest export markets, the United States. Movie industry is divided into three stages: studio production, distribution, and exhibition. Movie studios, is the lifeblood of the industry. No matter the size of the studio, it is a product of integration and release. The next stage is the distribution. The distribution is an intermediary between studios and exhibitors. Configuration of distribution needs to complete all the steps of membrane, including marketing, logistics technology and management. The manufacture and exhibitors are coordinated by distributors. Finally, theater owners, control single screen cinemas in the local community the reuse of national chain. Exhibitors are not completely independent dealers vertical integration, and the pursuit of their own profit maximization strategy. The three main source of enterprises income: concessions, advertising, at the box office. The exhibitors seek profit maximization sales tickets and discount. In general, revenues and profits limited control. Attendance can be profitable sales and advertising to make concessions, but there are significant coupon limit per capita sales, sales price seems to have reached a maximum value. Advertising revenue and profits is still attractive avenue, but the audience hate. Cinema provides viewers with a lot of experience, but the cinema, big screen, a longShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Dream1113 Words   |  5 Pagesdecided to combine forces. They created Paramount pictures and had one of the most familiar slogans in the film industry, â€Å"If it’s a Paramount Picture it’s the Best Show in Town†. Proving their slogan true they started turning out more than two pictures per week. During it’s peak in the silent film making era, Paramount was making 5 million dollars a year more than other production companies such as Warner, Fox, and Universal.(Paramount) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Paramount Pictures has come a longRead MoreWalt Disney : An American Motion Picture1226 Words   |  5 PagesWalter Elias Disney, also known as Walt Disney, was an American motion-picture and television producer, famous as the creator of cartoon films and Disneyland. His relentless aspiration and determination drove Walt Disney to pour in each ounce of innovativeness into his work. In my opinion, Walt Disney was important because of his creation of Disneyland in order to have an educational as well as amusement value and to entertain adults and their children and his influence on American culture throughRead MoreCase of Movie Industry1106 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitive forces have challenged the movie industry? What problems have these forces created? 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A Discussion On Sexuality And Sexually Transmitted...

The end of this week marks another week down which leaves only two more to go. With this week coming to a close, I am another step to closing out my bachelors and hopefully starting my Masters in Cybersecurity with Excelsior in October. Despite the heavy workload with class I think this will be a good preparation for me as I get myself in the frame of mind to start on the Masters. However, I have to first make it through these last two weeks. This week focused was on sexually transmitted infections/diseases and sexual development throughout life. As usual, there were multiple assignments. We had our normal issue from the Taking Sides text, though it was only one this week, a discussion on sexuality in later life, the quiz and this wonderful three page reflection paper. Additionally our annotated bibliography was due this week. As usual, I will start with this week’s reading from the Taking Sides text. This week was slightly different in that we were given only one topic to rea d and discuss. The article discussed opposing views on whether or not sexting was considered safe sex. For my initial opinion on the topic, it seemed obvious to me that it was not a form of safe sex. In my mind people would have to be able to physically touch one another to actually have sex. Sexting is no different than reading an adult magazine or watching an adult movie or better yet phone sex. In essence you are doing it as a prelude to masturbation or in lieu of actually having sex. When IShow MoreRelatedSexuality And Its Effect On Children Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages Sexuality has always been a taboo topic of discussion in most societies. Whether it is talked about it casually among friends or for educational reasons, the subject of sex is bound to trigger some controversy. 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Comprehensive sexual education should be taught in public schoolsRead MoreComprehensive Sexual Education Of The United States1219 Words   |  5 Pageswell.† Smith refers to the inadequate sexual education of teenagers in the United States. Sexual education is the instruction on issues about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships. Comprehensive sex education teaches about abstinence, condoms, a nd contraceptives to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. As well as, the skills needed to help young people explore their own values and options. Comprehensive sexual education should be taught in the UnitedRead MoreSexual Education Programs Taught Schools3646 Words   |  15 PagesSexual Education Programs Taught in Schools The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STD’S) compared to other developed countries (Darroch, Singh, Frost, 2001). 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However, in addition to the commonly discussed social effects of the counterculture, there were also several notable effects of the movement on the medical field. While some of these new medical developments, such as the growth of recreational drug use and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, proved to be aRead MoreSame Sex Marriage (Debate Paper)4727 Words   |  19 PagesGian Marla Valdez Alexis Paul Canales Timothy Compra Alma Godenes March 13, 2013 Wednesday PREMISES 1. It leads to moral degradation. 2. It will increase cases of sexually transmitted diseases. 3. It destroys the true essence of family. 4. It creates gender confusion among children. 5. It is immoral. INTRODUCTION Same-sex marriage is marriage betweenRead MoreRisk on Studen Prostitute in Zamboanga City4811 Words   |  20 Pages There are corresponding risks that a student prostitute can acquire namely some sexually diseases that they can get through the intercourse and also in her personality, her outlook towards the society whether it is emotionally or physically.(Weitzer, Ronal, 2005) RELATED LITERATURE All prostitution causes harm to women. Whether it is being sold by one’s family to a brothel, or whether it is being sexually abused in one’s family, running away from home, and then being pimped by one’s boyfriendRead MorePsychosocial Development and the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy3953 Words   |  16 PagesPsychosocial Development and the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy Liberty University Abstract An estimated 400,000 teen girls, ages 15-19 years, give birth each year in the US. In today’s media sexual activity and teen parenting is often glamorize, but the truth of the matter is the reality is harshly different. Having a child during the teen’s formative years carries the high price of emotional, physical, and financial, not only to the mother, but father, child, and community. Parents, educators

Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay Summary Example For Students

Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay Summary Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl No one in todays society can even come close to experiencing the heartache, torment, anguish, and complete misery suffered by women in slavery. Many women endured this agony their entire lives, there only joy they found was through their children and families, who were torn away from them and sold, never to be seen or heard from again. In the book, Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl, Linda Brent tells a spectacular story of her twenty years spent in slavery with her master Dr. Flint, and her jealous Mistress. She speaks of her trials and triumphs as well as the harms done to other slaves. She takes you on the inside of slavery and shows you the Hell on Earth slavery really was. She tells you the love and heartbreak she experienced being an unmarried slave mother. At the age of twenty or so, Linda escapes and with no place to hide she ends up in very small garret outside her grandmothers house. The garret was only nine-foot long and seven-foot wi de, so small she could not even stand up. She lived in this hole with no light, no fresh air, and she barely moved for almost seven years. Linda finally escaped the confines of the garret and made her way to the North where she and her children lived much happier and most of all they lived free. Linda Brent said, Slavery is terrible for men, but is far more terrible for women. She makes a good and true point, for when her life and the life of other slave women are compared to mens, mentally, slavery takes a much larger toll on the suffering of women. Women are responsible for their children, and the children of their masters. Mothers are often left feeling guilty for bringing their children into the cruel world of slavery. As Linda Brent expresses, I often prayed for death; but now I didnt want to die, unless my child could die too . . . its clinging fondness was a mixture of love and pain . . . sometimes I wished that he (Benny) might die in infancy . . .death is better than slaver y. In the book Linda has mixed feelings about her children because she so dearly loves them. She doesnt want them to suffer in slavery as she has so she wishes they would die, but she loves them and she doesnt want to lose them as many slave mothers had. I can only imagine how torn and incapable she must have felt as a slave and a mother. Linda also speaks of The Slaves New Years Day, this was the time that slaves everywhere were sold and leased. Many mothers were torn from their husbands and their children. Linda speaks of one woman she witnessed, I saw a mother lead seven children to the auction-block. She knew that some of them would be taken from her, but they took all . . .(The woman screamed) Gone! All gone! Why dont God kill me? Linda explains that these things happened daily, even hourly. This is only a small piece of the torture it was to be a woman in slavery. Lindas master often made perverted comments to her in which she expressed as too filthy to tell. He constantly thr eatened her and her life explaining that she was his to with as he pleased. When Linda became pregnant with the son of a white man, Dr. Flint became very angry and he constantly reminded her of the fact that her baby was also his property, like a piece of land. When she had the boy she named him Benjamin, he was premature and Linda herself became very ill after the delivery. Linda refused to let anyone send for a doctor, because the only doctor that could treat her was Dr. Flint and she despised him. Finally when they thought she would die they sent for her master. He treated her and her child (Benny), and soon they recovered. .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .postImageUrl , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:hover , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:visited , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:active { border:0!important; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:active , .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95 .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u672456839ac68bc275f7397804cfea95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to buy a used car Essay Almost three years later Linda had a daughter whom she named Ellen, which angered Dr. Flint even more. Once when Benny ran to cling to his mother when Dr. Flint was striking her, Dr. Flint knocked the child all the way across the room nearly killing him. After the abuse afflicted on Benny, Linda finally escaped in search of a safe way to the North; she hid in various places, first, in a white friends house, where she was made very sick when concealed in a very damp place under the floor. She then remained in a locked storage room upstairs until she found out her children were sold to their father, who never really claimed them. Mr. Sands the childrens biological father handed the children and their papers over to Lindas grandmother, so they thought. The woman Linda was staying with finally thought it best for both their sakes that she left, because people were becoming suspicious. When Linda left, her family had no where to conceal her so, they disguised her and sat her out at the sn aky swamp for two days while they build her a small garret outside her grandmothers house. At the swamp she described the snakes, as being so plentiful that they had to push them away with a stick and the air so thick with mosquitoes she became ill from all the bites. They finally finished and Linda hid out in the small garret that measured about three feet in height, nine feet in length, and five feet in width. Linda spoke of the suffocating air, the dampness always about during the rains and the smothering heat in the summer. She even talked about the rats and mice crawling over her body. She told about watching her children Ellen and Benny grow up through a small peephole. Her grandmother would bring her food at night and talk with her. Even as her great aunt was dying she could not leave to tend to her; all she could do was stay in her little smothering space. Soon Dr. Flint began saying that Lindas children belonged to his daughter and the contract of their sale was not legal b ecause she was too young to consent to sale them. So in fear that he would take Ellen, Mr. Sands said he would send her to stay with a cousin, in the North where she would go to school. Linda and her grandmother agreed and Ellen was on her way to Boston. The night before Ellen left her mother came out of her hole and into the house to talk with her. She told Ellen, I am your mother. and Ellen replied, Are you really my mother? Ellen couldnt even remember what her own mother looked like. Linda spent that night with Ellen and they wept on each other and spoke of the things that had happened over the years. Ellen departed for Boston the following morning. Finally, Linda received word that there was a safe way to get to the North and she left, after spending almost seven years in that tiny space. Linda finally made it to the North, safely and discreetly, no one suspected a thing. Dr. Flint assumed shed lived in the North for years, hed even gone in search of her several times. Although the North wasnt everything Linda thought it would be, she was for the most part free. The people werent as nice as she thought they would be, and many of them were still extremely prejudice. On her train ride to New York Linda had to pay to ride in a back car full of the smells of tobacco and whiskey. Shockingly, when Linda got there her Ellen had not been living very well. She had worn thin clothes and sometimes no shoes. She hadnt even been sent to school even though she could have attended public schools for free. Ellen was extremely unhappy. She had actually been given to Mr. Sands niece as a handmaid. Although Linda was extremely angry she said nothing for fear of the selling of her daughter. .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .postImageUrl , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:hover , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:visited , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:active { border:0!important; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:active , .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19 .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43bbe504056cf480f0f9c7b100d51e19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Importance of Ethnic Culture EssayLinda found a job being a nurse to a nice family by the last name of Bruce and eventually got her daughter back and they later sent for her son to be with them. Dr. Flint continued to come to the North in search for her, but she had many friends who hid her. In September 1850, a few years after Linda arrived in the North the Fugitive Slave Law was passed, it made it easy to legally seize and enslave any black man or woman at-large. All they had to do was apprehend the person, go before the commissioner, swear to the ownership of him or her and get a certificate of arrest. The commissioner received ten dollars for giving the certificate and five for denying it. Therefore, there were few denials. The black man or woman accused of being a fugitive slave had no right to a trial and jury. After the death of Dr. Flint, and Lindas dear grandmother, Linda began thought it necessary to reading the paper everyday to see the new people checking into town. Linda especially looked for her mistresss name, Mrs. Dodge, whom shed heard, had been very low of funds and needed Linda simply to get some money. Sure enough Mrs. Dodge showed up, Linda ran with the baby she nursed to California to stay with her brother. Benny was learning a trade with her brother and Ellen was in boarding school. At last Lindas dear friend Mrs. Bruce purchased her for three hundred dollars. The Dodges were so certain that theyd never find her and so low on finances that they probably would have sold her for anything. At last Linda and her children were free. Never to become captured by the Fugitive Slave Law and never again burdened with the thought that som eone might know them and turn them in. What a relief that must have been after living such a long life as a runaway slave and poor slave mother. As you could see Ms. Linda Brent was a very strong woman whos love for her children fueled her determination to ensure that they would not live the horrible slave life as she had for so many years. She endured many painful years with the thought of one-day securing freedom for herself and her children, which she finally obtained. But I often wondered how strongly Linda must have about the word free. As I stated in my opening sentence no one from todays society will ever come close to understanding the life of an enslaved person, and for that reason we will never understand the intense feelings Linda had about the word free.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

International Of Diversity In Organisations-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Of Diversity In Organisations? Answer: Introduction Third sex or third gender as it is popularly referred to is a concept where people are categorized either by society or themselves as being neither a woman or a man. Under this context the third term is used to imply other (Winter, 2006). The term third gender is also used to describe a distinct social category that is preset in those societies which recognize the existent of more than 2 genders. The state of being identified by the society or personally identifying as a woman or a man or third gender is mostly defined by the gender role and gender identity of the individual in the society where they live. The debate regarding the status of third gender has been quite intensive in the Southeast Asia region. Thailand is one of the countries in the Southeast Asia region to hint at the constitutional recognition of the third gender. This literature review will analyze one of the articles on Thailands decision to recognize the third gender in its constitution with the objective of determining what factors led to the decision and its long term impacts. In reviewing the article titled, Thailands Transgender People Arent Just Ladyboys Anymore, by Jay Michaelson, the paper will also seek to investigate how the decision will impact the country social system and what it means for the LGBT community in the country. Literature Review The article by Jay Michaelson discusses a decision that was made by Thailands Constitution Drafting Committee on the 10th of January 2015 to include the term third gender into the countrys constitution as an acceptable gender. This proposal was made with the objective of ensuring that the new constitution would prohibit discrimination on the grounds of gender expression or gender identity. In the article the author seeks to examine the implication of Thailands decision and the reason why such a move was taken in Thailand. The author indicates that individuals who attempt to understand the context of the decision made by the constitutional drafting committee usually end up misunderstanding it due to the difference in cultural contexts. This statement by the author is based on the fact that different cultures have varied understanding of gender expression and gender identity. In countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and India, the term third gender is used to refer to Hijra ( transgender individuals) (Yamphaka, 2007). In the Thailand context, the phrase third gender is used to refer to individuals who are classified as Katoey. These are transgender, transsexuals, and effeminate men or cross dressers. Prior to the proposal to officially recognize individuals who are categorized as Kotoey as a valid gender, the Katoey were considered to be inferior and considerably discriminated against. According to the Committees spokesman Kamnnoo Sittisamarn, the inclusion of third gender into the constitution is due to the fact that Thai society has evolved ad recognized the need for protecting all sexes not only men and women. Michealson proceeds to indicate that traditional Thai attitudes are both a hindrance and solution to the problems being faced by the Katoeys. In a survey conducted to determine the views of the Thai people towards Katoeys, it was determined that people who are closely related with Katoeys encourage the children to express themselves as they wish to. In the survey it was estimated that approximately 40.7% of Thai citizens held positive attitudes towards MTFTGs (Thailand to recognise "third gender" in new constitution panel, 2015). A number of studies have revealed that Thais in urban areas facilitate an attitude that encourages individuals to express themselves in a manner that they deem to be fit (Michaelson, 2015). However, the study also highlights the fact that even though certain gender practices are socially accepted within Thai culture, official government institutions and a small section of the society still discriminate against individuals who identify as Katoey. Thai spiritual beliefs have also played a significant role in shaping Thailands traditional attitudes towards third genders. Unlike western spiritual beliefs where gender is defined based on the persons anatomy. In traditional Thailand spiritual belief gender is defined based on a persons social and sexual role (Bering, 2015). Studies have also revealed that ancient Thai myths on creation speak of the existence of three genders. These beliefs have led to a majority of Thailands society (especially those individuals in the Northern part of the country) have a positive attitude towards the concept of third sex. In his article Michaelson indicates that even though third gender individuals are still being discriminated against, the move to officially recognize them is a significant step forward. Their recognition within the constitution is a significant step due to the fact that they too will enjoy the same social rights that are afforded to members of the male and female genders. The author proceeds to highlight the fact that as it is the countrys constitution only prohibits discrimination based on a persons sex and gender. This statement serves to highlight the fact that as it currently stands the constitution does not specifically refer to third gender and therefore it does not protect them. By including the proposed annex which states that gender includes all gender identities and specifying that gender does not only refer to the male and female genders but also the phet thi sam ( third gender), the constitution protects those who fall under this category from being discriminated against. In the article the author also points out to the loss of the meaning of third gender in its translation. The author points out to the fact that contrary to popular belief, the term third gender is a short hand whose contexts has been misrepresented by the media. In the Thai context the term third gender was used primarily to refer to transgender individuals. However, due to the misunderstanding of the context, the term has been used to refer to the most prevalent transgender like category in the country which is Kathoey. By doing this the definition of third gender is restricted to individuals who are biologically born as males but may assume female identities either through acquiring gender identities ( think of themselves as females), gender expression ( present or express themselves as females) and/or sexual characteristics ( undergo sexual reassignment procedures) (Beyrer, 1998). This misunderstood translation of third gender threatens to be a hindrance to obtaining the exact objective of what the low set out to establish. The misinterpretation of the term stems from the fact that the colloquial translation of Kathoey is ladyboy (Methangkun, 1986). A number of human rights activists have argued that even if passed, the misinterpretation of the term will result in a large percentage of those who should be protected by the low being left out. The activists argue that members of the LGBT community and individuals who born as females but identify as males should also be covered by the term. According to them, the phrase other should be used to refer to all other genders that do not conform to the guidelines used to identify the male and female genders. This will ensure that the inclusion of third gender into the constitution will effectively protect all other individuals who do not identify as either males or females. The author also argues that the fact that ladyboys are ubiquitous in the country and most of them work as entertainers has resulted in most people not taking them getting little social respect (Jackson, 1996). This argument stems from the fact that society usually judges people in the way they present themselves. Studies have indicated that if a community is usually portrayed in a negative manner to the larger society, it is more likely that the society will perceive that particular society negatively regardless of the fact that the negative representation does not reflect the entire society (Claes, 2011). This logic is reflected in Thai societys perception of ladyboys and entertainers and individuals who should not be taken seriously. This negative representation of ladyboys affects the societys view of individuals who categorize themselves as third genders as they are seen not to be serious. The author further proceeds to argue that the fact that Thailand is one of the few countries in the world that have recognized the third gender as a legitimate gender category does not stem from the concept of democratic practice or advanced gender theory but from the fact that those roles and identities are part and parcel of traditional Thai culture. This statement insinuates that the major reason as to why third gender individuals have experienced such positives attitudes from Thai people is because of traditional Thai culture. Traditional Thai culture unlike most western and cultures recognize and appreciates the existence of more than two gender identities. It is also important to note that it is this positive attitude of the society towards transgender that has contributed to the large number of individuals who identify as third genders in Thailand. It is because of the Thai culture that third gender individuals in the country enjoy a greater degree of public acceptance and safety than transgender individuals in most other parts of the world. The author also points out that due to this fact the transgender individuals are estimated to be between 10,000 to 100,000 people from the population of 56 million. Due to the social acceptance the transgender have been able to be famous models, actors, and politician (Gooren et al., 2013). In this section of the article the author highlights the fact that lack of cultural support and acceptance is one of the major reasons as to why most third gender individuals in society usually end up underperforming. Without societal acceptance and support, an individual is unable to effectively express him/herself; the individual also looses his/her self confidence thereby negatively affecting his performable in society. Despite the level of success obtained by Thai society with regards to the acceptance of transgender individuals, there still exists a number of challenges hindering their social image. The Kathoey identity has been widely stigmatized and the result of that stigmatization is a significant percentage of (Kathoeys engaging in sex work Thailand to recognise "third gender" in new constitution panel, 2011). The stigmatization has also resulted in a significant percentage of members from this social group being excluded from professions that are deemed to be upper class professions, marginalized and rejected y their families. A large percentage of individuals from the Southern part of the country believe that being Kathoey is retribution for bad actions that individuals performed in their past life. This belief is closely related to the Buddhist belief of reincarnation. Buddhism is one of the most popular religions in the most popular religions in Thailand and has significantly influenced the way people view certain societal life. In Buddhism, individuals are reincarnated based on their past life. Those who behaved poorly in their past life will have their transgression punished during their reincarnation. In the article, the author also cites western representation of transgender individuals as another driver of negative perception of transgender individuals in the . The western discourse of medicalization has greatly contributed to individuals who identify as third gender being viewed as disordered or sick (Gooren et al., 2015). The article also proceeds to discuss the concept of transmen which is new in Southeast Asia. The term transman refers to a male individual who was assigned a female gender at birth. Transman unlike the cisgender men usually identify with any sexuality like bisexualism gay, pansexual, polysexul, demisexual etc (Newman et al., 2013). Individuals who identify has transmen argue that the Thailand government has misrepresented them significantly and as a result of this misrepresentation they have not been able to enjoy most of the rights that should be afforded to them. The perceived neglect of transgender men is based on the fact that Thai society pays more attention to the plight and needs of transwomen who constitute a significant percentage of the transgender society in the country (Sinnott, 2004). The proposed constitutional changes w will serve to eliminate some of the discrimination that the individuals in these groups are experiencing and create room for social cohesion. The author compares progress made by Thailand with regards to the rights of transgender with those made by the U.S. He argues that unlike in Thailand where a significant amount of progress has been made with regards to the plight of transgender, in the U.S, the rights of those who fall under the transgender community have been overshadowed by those of gays and Lesbian. The discrepancy between these two countries can be traced back to the fact that the organizations fighting for LGBT rights in the U.S are stronger than those fighting for transgender rights. It can also be due to the fact that the transgender community in the U.S is smaller than that of Thailand and as a result of this a significant percentage of the transgender in Thailand. This has resulted in most of the organizations championing for transgender rights in the country falling under the LGBT community umbrella. It is essential to highlight the fact that unlike in the U.S, the progress of transgender rights does not imply progress with regards to the rights of homosexuals. In most Southeast Asian countries, homosexuality is still considered as a major offense and shunned by a significant percentage of the society. In Thailand some schools teach that homosexuality is a disease (Winter, 2006). This attitude has led to a large group of homosexual individuals in the country identifying them as transgender. Conclusion From the arguments presented in this paper, it is evident that the proposal made by the Constitutional Drafting community is just a first step towards obtaining equal treatment for individuals who neither identify as males or females (Sinnott, 2004). Even though the proposal might serve to bring equity for transgender within Thai society, certain negative portrayals of transgender individuals might serve to negatively affect the impact of the proposal. It is also evident from the arguments provided that Thai culture has played a significant role in shaping how transgender are viewed. The inclusion of the proposal into the countrys constitution is not as a result of the country being developed socially or politically but due to traditional practices that has made transgender individuals widely accepted in the society. The societys traditional culture tends to affect social perception of transgender individuals both positively and negatively. In the paper this is demonstrated in the fact that the Buddhist religion believes in their being more than two genders. This belief has led to most of the members of that society believing in the existence of third, fourth and fifth genders (naldi, 2011). As a result of this there has been a significant increase in the number of Thai individuals who identify as transgender. On the other hand, the same Buddhist religion also speaks of reincarnation. As a result of this belief a significant percentage of individuals in the Southern part of the country believe that transgender are reincarnated individual who did evil in their past lives. This belief has led to discrimination against transgender individuals (Saisuwan, 2011) Based on the arguments it is logical to conclude that opinion regarding transgender individuals in Thailand is considerably divided. The new law will serve to promote social equity and provide transgender individuals with the rights that have been afforded to other members of the society (Towle, Morgan, 2002). It is also evident from the arguments that the author believes that more should be done to promote social equity for transgender individuals in the country. However, he recognizes the fact that the obtainment of constitutional recognition as a valid gender is one of the largest huddles that the country has overcame. References Thailand to recognise "third gender" in new constitution -panel. (2015, January 15). Retrieved October 03, 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/thailand-politics/thailand-to-recognise-third-gender-in-new-constitution-panel-idUSL3N0UU1BS20150115 Towle, E. B., Morgan, L. M. (2002). Romancing the transgender native: rethinking the use of the" third gender" concept.GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies,8(4), 469-497. Sinnott, M. (2004).Toms and dees: Transgender identity and female same-sex relationships in Thailand. University of Hawaii Press. Winter, S. (2006). Thai transgenders in focus: Demographics, transitions and identities.International Journal of Transgenderism,9(1), 15-27. Jackson, P. (2003). Performative genders perverse desires: a bio-history of Thailands same-sex and transgender cultures.Intersections: Gender History and Culture in the Asian Context, (9), 43. Newman, P. A., Roungprakhon, S., Tepjan, S. (2013). 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